Menometrorrhagia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment.
Thank you for reading this post, don't forget to subscribe!Menometrorrhagia is a condition marked by abnormally heavy, prolonged, and irregular uterine bleeding. Women with this condition usually bleed more than 80 ml, or 3 ounces, during a menstrual cycle. The bleeding is also unexpected and frequent. For example, you’ll likely experience bleeding outside of when you’d expect your menstrual period to occur.
Menometrorrhagia is actually a combination of two menstrual disorders:
- menorrhagia, which is heavy uterine bleeding that occurs at regular intervals
- metrorrhagia, which is irregular bleeding
It’s important to seek medical help if you’re experiencing menstrual irregularity. Unexpected or abnormal menstrual bleeding can have health consequences that shouldn’t be ignored.
https://youtu.be/ke23cSdyWiw
Symptoms of Menometrorrhagia
There’s no concrete medical definition of “abnormal” uterine bleeding. For the average woman, menstruation occurs every 28 days, though having a period every 21-35 days is considered normal. The average length of a menstrual cycle is about 5 days. Most women will lose less than 80 ml, or 3 ounces, of blood overall.
Most experts agree that any bleeding that’s so excessive and severe that it interferes with your physical, social, and emotional life is abnormal. Some clues your bleeding is out of the ordinary and you might be experiencing menometrorrhagia include:
- soaking through tampons or sanitary pads every hour for several hours
- bleeding longer than eight days
- bleeding outside your usual menstrual cycle
- passing large blood clots
- having back and abdominal pain during menstruation
- feeling tired, weak, or short of breath, which may be signs that the excessive bleeding has reduced the amount of iron in your blood, leading to anemia
- Excessive bleeding
- Large blood clots
- Blood in urine
- Prolonged bleeding
- Frequent bleeding
- Pain
- Weakness
- Headaches
- Depression
- Shortness of breath
- Numbness
- Tingling
What Causes Menometrorrhagia?
The causes for menometrorrhagia may be caused by any of the following:
A hormonal imbalance
Having too much of the female hormone estrogen can cause the uterine lining to grow thicker than expected. When that thicker lining begins to shed, it can lead to increased blood loss and clots.
An estrogen imbalance can occur for a variety of reasons, including stress and obesity.
Uterine growths
Tumors, such as uterine polyps and fibroids, can cause excessive bleeding due to the pressure they place on the uterus, as well as the blood vessels these growths contain. These types of tumors are usually benign, or noncancerous.
Adenomyosis
This is a condition in which the uterine lining grows into the muscular wall of the uterus. It acts as the normal uterine lining does, growing and shedding each month, but it can produce heavy bleeding. The cause of adenomyosis isn’t well known, but it’s often seen in women who have reached menopause.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs when the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvis. When this lining sheds, the bleeding can be substantial.
Lack of ovulation
Ovulation refers to the release of an egg from the ovary. If you don’t ovulate, or have what’s known as an anovulatory cycle, the uterine lining can continue to grow until it’s forced to shed.
Blood clotting disorders
When blood cannot coagulate properly, bleeding is more prolonged.
Obesity
An irregular and/or lengthy pattern of bleeding is just one of the many effects of carrying excessive weight.
Complications
Excessive menstrual bleeding can have a significant impact on your health and quality of life. The significant loss of blood can lead to anemia. Anemia is a condition in which your blood is lacking oxygen-carrying red blood cells. Without oxygen-rich blood, you may feel weak and tired.
Excessive menstrual bleeding can also be a symptom of some reproductive cancers and conditions that affect fertility. It’s important to get medical attention when you experience any excessive bleeding.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will test for disorders that can cause menometrorrhagia. For example, a blood test will be used to test for pregnancy. That’s because miscarriage, even when it occurs before you know you’re pregnant, can cause heavy bleeding.
Your doctor will also take a Pap smear. Pap smears can test for cervical cancer. Your doctor may also do a hysteroscopy. During this procedure, your doctor will use a thin, lighted, telescopic tube to see into the uterus. This test can help your doctor diagnose things like endometriosis. Other tests may include ultrasound and MRI.
Allopathic Treatment for Menometrorrhagia
Treatment for menometrorrhagia depends on the cause. For example, surgery to remove fibroids may be recommended. A hysterectomy, or surgical removal of the uterus, may be an option for women who don’t want children or are past their childbearing years (I Dr Qaisar Ahme strictly NOT RECOMENDS it).
When there is no known cause of menometrorrhagia, the first line of treatment is usually pharmaceutical. Some common options include:
- Birth control pills to regulate hormone levels (but it creates PCOD, said Dr Qaisar Ahmed)
- Progestin therapy. Progestin is a synthetic version of the naturally occurring hormone progesterone. Your doctor my recommend taking progestin in the form of a pill for 21 consecutive days and then stop for 7 or using a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (IUD). Levonorgestrel is also a progestin. Progestin helps thin the uterine lining and thus reduce menstrual blood flow.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs). Besides relieving the pain associated with menometrorrhagia, these drugs help to coagulate blood and limit its flow.
Homeopathic treatment of Menometrorrhagia
There are dozens of medicines for menometrorrhagia in Homeopathy, here are some examples:
Acteaea Racemosa
Abortion, Back pains. Breast affections. Hysteria. Menstruation disorders. Myalgia. Neuralgia. Ovaries affections. Perichondritis. Pleurodynia. Pregnancy disorders/defects. Puerperal mania. Uterus affections. Vomiting of pregnancy. Female Sexual Organs. Manses profuse, early; dark, coagulated; scanty, irregular, delayed, or suppressed. Hysterical or epilepticus spasms at time of menses. Feels strange, talks incoherently, screams, tries to injure herself. Pains in uterine region shoot from side to side. Pains in ovarian region shoot upward.
Bearing down in uterine region and small of back; limbs feel heavy, torpid. Severe pain in lower part of abdomen. Rheumatic dysmenorrhea. Leucorrhea, with sensation of weight in the uterus. During pregnancy: nausea; false Laboure-like pains; sharp pains across abdomen; sleeplessness. During parturition “shivers,” first stage; pains too strong; spasmodic cardiac neuralgia; lochia suppressed (by cold or emotions); rigid os; Puerperal mania. Tendency to abort at third month. Infra-mammary pains, worst on left side. Burning in the mammae. -Urine frequent and quantity increased.
Cimicifuga Racemosa
Amenorrhea. Pain in ovarian region; shoots upward and down anterior surface of thighs. Pain immediately before menses. Manses profuse, dark, coagulated, offensive with backache, nervousness; always irregular. Ovarian neuralgia. Pain across pelvis, from hip to hip. After-pains, with great sensitiveness and intolerance to pain. Infra-mammary pains worse, left side. Facial blemishes in young women.
Severe pains in lower extremities; backache after menstruation, with heavy pressing down sensation. Shooting and throbbing pains in head as a reflux of uterine bleeding; nausea and vomiting caused by pressure on the spine.
Sabina
Has a special action on the uterus; also, upon serous and fibrous membranes. Toso much depresses that she cries when questioned; sensation as if some weight is laid on her head; almost all the symptoms are due to fear, and she is worse during menstrual flow. The mental symptoms are intermingled with rheumatism. Mental symptoms are worse during menses.
Manses profuse, bright. Uterine pains extend into thighs. Threatened miscarriage. Sexual desire increased. Leucorrhea after menses, corrosive, offensive. Discharge of blood between periods, with sexual excitement. Retained placenta; intense after-pains. Menorrhagia in women who aborted readily. Inflammation of ovaries and uterus after abortion. Promotes expulsion of moles from uterus. Pain from sacrum to pubis, and from below upwards shooting up the vagina. Hemorrhage; partly clotted; worse from least motion. Atony of uterus.
Cantharis
Retained placenta, with painful urination. Expels moles, dead fetuses, membranes, etc. Nymphomania. Puerperal metritis, with inflammation of bladder. Manses too early and too profuse; black swelling of vulva with irritation. Constant discharge from uterus; worse false step. Burning pain in ovaries; extremely sensitive. Pain in os coccyx, lancinating and tearing.
Stramonium
Metrorrhagia, with loquacity, singing, praying. Puerperal mania, with characteristic mental symptoms and profuse sweetings. Convulsions after labor.
Platinum Metallicum
Parts hypersensitive. Tingling internally and externally. Ovaries sensitive and burn. Manses too early, too profuse, dark-clotted, with spasms and painful bearing-down, chilliness, and sensitiveness of parts. Vaginismus. Nymphomania. Excessive sexual development; vaginismus. Pruritus vulvae. Ovaritis with sterility. Abnormal sexual appetite and melancholia.
Kalium Bromatum
Pruritus. Ovarian neuralgia with great nervous uneasiness. Exaggerated sexual desire. Cystic tumors of ovaries.
Tightness of thighs, as if too tightly wrapped. Numb and weary sensation. Feel paralyzed.
Sepia Officinalis
Pelvic organs relaxed. Bearing-down sensation as if everything would escape through vulva; must cross limbs to prevent protrusion or press against vulva. Leucorrhea yellow, greenish; with much itching. Manses Too late and scanty, irregular; early and profuse; sharp clutching pains. Violent stitches upward in the vagina, from uterus to umbilicus. Prolapse of uterus and vagina. Morning sickness. Vagina painful, especially on coition.
Kreosotum
Corrosive itching within vulva, burning and swelling of labia; violent itching between labia and thighs. During menses, difficult hearing; buzzing and roaring; eruption after. Burning and soreness in external and internal parts. Leucorrhea, yellow, acrid; odor of green corn; worse between periods. Hemorrhage after coition. Manses too early, prolonged. Vomiting of pregnancy, with ptyalism. Menstrual flow intermits; ceases on sitting or walking; reappears on lying down. Pain worse after menses. Lochia offensive; intermits.
Podophylum
Pain in uterus and right ovary, with shifting noises along ascending colon. Suppressed menses, with pelvic tenesmus. Prolapsed uteri, especially after parturition. Hemorrhoids, with prolapsus ani during pregnancy.
Lac Canium
Manses too early, profuse, flow in gushes. Breasts swollen; painful before and better on appearance of menses. Mastitis; worse, least jar. Helps to dry up milk. Sinking at epigastrium. Sexual organs easily excited. Backache; spine very sensitive to touch or pressure. Galactorrhea.
Lillium Tigrum
Manses early, scanty, dark, clotted, offensive; flow only when moving about. Bearing down sensation with urgent desire for stool, as though all organs would escape. Ceases when resting. Congestion of uterus, prolapse, and anteversion. Constant desire to support parts externally. Pain in ovaries and down thighs. Acrid, brown leucorrhea; smarting in labia. Sexual instinct awakened. Bloated feeling in uterine region. Sub-involution. Pruritus pudenda.
Amber Grisea
Nymphomania, itching of pudendum, with soreness and swelling. Manses too early. Profuse, bluish leucorrhea. Worse at night. Discharge of blood between periods, at every little accident.
Helonias Dioica
Dragging in sacral region, with prolapse, especially after a miscarriage. Pruritus vulvae. Backache after miscarriage. Weight and soreness in womb; conscious of womb. Manses too frequent, too profuse. Leucorrhea. Breasts swollen, nipples painful and tender. Parts hot, red, swollen; burn and itch terribly. Albuminuria during pregnancy. Debility attending the menopause.
Belladonna
Sensitive forcing downwards, as if all the viscera would protrude at genitals. Dryness and heat of vagina. Dragging around loins. Pain in sacrum. Manses increased, bright red, too early, too profuse. Hemorrhages hot. Cutting pain from hip to hip. Manses and lochia very offensive and hot. Labor-pains come and go suddenly. Mastitis pain, throbbing, redness, streaks radiate from nipple. Breasts feel heavy; are hard and red. Tumors of breast, pain worse lying down. Badly smelling hemorrhages, hot gushes of blood. Diminished lochia.
Calcarea carbonica
Before menses, headache, colic, chilliness and leucorrhea. Cutting pains in uterus during menstruation. Manses too early, too profuse, too long, with vertigo, toothache and cold, damp feet; the least excitement causes their return. Uterus easily displaced. Leucorrhea, milky. Burning and itching of parts before and after menstruation; in little girls. Increased sexual desire, easy conception. Hot swelling breasts. Breasts tender and swollen before menses. Milk too abundant; disagreeable to child. Deficient lactation, with distended breasts in lymphatic women. Much sweat about external genitals. Sterility with copious menses. Uterine polypi.
China
Manses too early. Dark clots and abdominal distention. Profuse menses with pain. Desire too strong. Bloody leucorrhea. Seems to take the place of the usual menstrual discharge. Painful heaviness in pelvis.
Erigeron Canadense
Metrorrhagia, with violent irritation of rectum and bladder, and prolapsus uteri. Bright-red flow. Menorrhagia; profuse leucorrhea; bloody lochia returns after least motion, comes in gushes; between periods, leucorrhea with urinary irritation; pregnant women with “weak uterus;” a bloody discharge on slight exertion. Bleeding hemorrhoids; nosebleed instead of menses.
Brayonia Alba
Manses too early, too profuse; worse from motion, with tearing pains in legs; suppressed, with vicarious discharge or splitting headache. Stitching pains in ovaries on taking a deep inspiration; very sensitive to touch. Pain in right ovary as if torn, extending to thigh. Milk fever. Pain in breasts at menstrual period. Breasts hot and painful hard. Abscess of mammae. Frequent bleeding of nose at appearance of menses. Menstrual irregularities, with gastric symptoms. Ovaritis. Intermenstrual pain, with great abdominal and pelvic soreness.
Crocus Sativus
Threatened abortion, especially when hemorrhage is dark and stringy. Urging of blood to genitals. Manses dark, viscid, too frequent and copious, black and slimy. Uterine hemorrhage; clots with long strings; worse from least movement. Jerking pain in interior of left breast, as if drawn toward back by means of thread. A bounding feeling, as if something alive in right breast.
Hamamelis Virginiana
Ovarian congestion and neuralgia; feel very sore. Vicarious menstruation. Uterine hemorrhage, bearing-down pain in back. Manses dark, profuse, with soreness in abdomen. Metrorrhagia, occurring midway between menstrual periods. Intermenstrual pain. Vagina very tender. Profuse leucorrhea. Vulva itches. Milk-leg, hemorrhoids, and sore nipples, after confinement. Metrorrhagia; passive flow. Vaginismus, ovaritis, soreness over whole abdomen. Phlegmasia alba.
Ferrum Metallicum
Manses remit a day or two, and then return. Discharge of long pieces from uterus. Women who are weak, delicate, chlorotic, yet have a fiery-red face. Manses too early, too profuse, last too long; pale, watery. Sensitive vagina. Tendency to abortion. Prolapse of vagina.
Ipecac
Uterine hemorrhage, profuse, bright, gushing, with nausea. Vomiting during pregnancy. Pain from navel to uterus. Manses too early and too profuse.
Coccus Cacti
Manses too early, profuse, black and thick; dark clots, with dysuria. Intermittent menstruation; flow only in evening and at night. Large clots escape when passing water. Labia inflamed.
Natrum Muriaticum
Manse’s irregular; usually profuse. Vagina dry. Leucorrhea acrid, watery. Bearing-down pains; worse in morning. Prolapsus uteri, with cutting in urethra. Ineffectual labor-pains. Suppressed menses. Hot during menses.
Cyclamen Europaeum
Manses profuse, black, membranous, clotted, too early, with labor-like pains from back to pubes. Flow less when moving about. Menstrual irregularities with megrim and blindness, or fiery spots before eyes. Hiccough during pregnancy. Post-partum hemorrhage, with colicky bearing-down pains, with relief after gush of blood. After menses, swelling of breasts, with milky secretion.
Iodium: Menorrhagia due to endocrine dysfunction ,especially of the thyroid gland; the synthesis of thyroxin is hampered in these patients; menstruation is irregular; uterine hemorrhage; menorrhagia with enlarged and indurated uterus.
Iodum may be thought of when hemorrhage is due to pathological condition of uterus; there is acute catarrh of endometrium; great weakness during menses, wedge like pain in right ovarian region; hemorrhage occurring at every stool with cutting pain in the abdomen, pain in the loins and small of back.
Patient shows signs of rapid metabolism. Loss of flesh with great appetite. Hot patient, better by cold; patient wants to move all the time as the symptoms are relieved when she is busy.
Senecio Aureus
Manses retarded, suppressed. Functional amenorrhea of young girls with backache. Before menses, inflammatory conditions of throat, chest, and bladder. After menstruation commences, these improve. Anemic dysmenorrhea with urinary disturbances. Premature and too profuse menses. It is a prominent medicine for treating amenorrhea in young girls. They feel as if menses would appear but fail. They usually have back pain or pain in shoulders along with suppressed periods.
Graphites
Manses too late, with constipation; pale and scanty, with tearing pain in epigastrium, and itching before. Hoarseness, coryza, cough, sweats and morning sickness during menstruation. Leucorrhea, pale, thin, profuse, white, excoriating, with great weakness in back. Mammae swollen and hard. Induration of ovaries and uterus and mammae. Nipples sore, cracked, and blistered. Decided aversion to coitus.
Conium Maculatum
Dysmenorrhea, with drawing-down thighs. Mammae lax and shrunken, hard, painful to touch. Stitches in nipples. Wants to press breast hard with hand. Manses delayed and scanty, parts sensitive. Breasts enlarge and become painful before and during menses. Rash before menses. Itching around pudenda. Unready conception. Induration of os and cervix. Ovaritis; ovary enlarged, indurated; lancinating pain. Ill effects of repressed sexual desire or suppressed menses, or from excessive indulgence. Leucorrhea after micturition.
Phosphorus
Metritis. Chlorosis. Phlebitis. Fistulous tracks after mammary abscess. Slight hemorrhage from uterus between periods. Manses too early and scanty-not profuse, but last too long. Weeps before menses. Stitching pain in mammae. Leucorrhea profuse, smarting, corrosive, instead of menses. Amenorrhea, with vicarious menstruation. Suppuration of mammae, burning, watery, offensive discharge. Nymphomania. Uterine polyps.
Ignatia
Catamenia premature and violent, every ten or fifteen days. Blood of the catamenia black, of putrid Oduor, mixed with clots. Metrorrhagia. During the catamenia, heaviness, heat, and pain in the head, photophobia, colic, and contractive pains, anxiety, palpitation of the heart, and great fatigue, even to fainting. Cramp-like and compressive pains in the region of the uterus, with fits of suffocation; pressure, and lying on the back, mitigate the pain. Cramp in the uterus, during the catamenia. Uterine spasms, with lancinations, or like Laboure pains. Corrosive and purulent leucorrhea, preceded by contractive pressure in the uterus.
Joanesia Asoca
Amenorrhea and scanty periods. In homeopathy its use is considered for treating suppressed menses and irregular menses and scanty menses. Females who need it also suffer from headaches from suppressed menses. In case of scanty flow, it is used when there is pain in lower abdomen, pain in head, back and thighs.
Secale cor
Manses are too profuse and too long lasting with violent spasms. Discharge dark, liquid blood, increased by motion. All her symptoms are worse just before the menses. Suitable to thin women. Continuous oozing of watery blood until next period.
Nux Vomica
Manses too early, lasts too long; always irregular, blood black with faint spells. Prolapsus uteri. Dysmenorrhea, with pain in sacrum, and constant urging to stool. Inefficient labor-pains; extend to rectum, with desire for stool and frequent urination. Desire too strong. Metrorrhagia, with sensation as if bowels wanted to move.
Thlaspi Bursa Pastoris
Sexual excitement. Metrorrhagia; with uterine colic; in hemorrhagic chlorosis; in sequelae of abortion or Laboure. Premature menstruation: first day she hardly had a show, second day a hemorrhage with severe colic and expulsion of clots, flow lasted eight to fifteen days, left a state of exhaustion which was not recovered from before the next period came on; this proved very profuse, next less so. Hemorrhages: with violent uterine colic and cramps; consequent on abortion; at critical age; with cancer of cervix; or fibroids.
Too frequent and copious menstruation, especially in persons of a relaxed constitution. Hemorrhages dark, with clots. Suppressed or checked menses. Manses delaying from inertia. Leucorrhea: bloody, dark, fetid, before and some days after menses, which were profuse and dark. Hemorrhages after abortion. Following an attack of jaundice, after menses a discharge of brownish-green blood, with obscure abdominal pains; cervix swollen and soft but not ulcerated.
Trillium Erectum
Hemorrhage from uterus; with sensation as though hips and back were falling to pieces, > from a tight bandage. Bearing down in pelvis when standing or walking; copious, yellowish, stringy leucorrhea; period lingers several days beyond usual time. Excessive flooding with fainting. Metrorrhagia at climacteric; pale; faint; flow returns every two weeks. Climaxes with weak sight; anxious look. Displaced uterus, with consequent menorrhagia. Manses come on after over-exertion. Gushing of bright-red blood from uterus at least movement; later, blood pale from anemia. Hemorrhages from fibroid tumors. Threatened abortion, profuse hemorrhages. Pain in back and cold limbs, with hemorrhages. Too profuse menstrual flow alter exhaustion by exercise. Profuse, exhausting leucorrhea. Hemorrhage in abortion of third month. Ante-partum hemorrhage; os uteri dilated to size of half a dollar; no pains; flooding excessive. Post-partum hemorrhage. Profuse, long-lasting Lochiel discharges.
Ustilago maydis
Yellow and offensive leucorrhea. Tenderness of l. ovary, with pain and swelling. Burning distress in ovaries. Intermittent neuralgia of ovary; enlarged, very tender. Uterus: hypertrophied; prolapsed; cervix sensitive, spongy. Manses too scanty with ovarian irritation; too profuse and too early; blood clotted as if everything would come through. Between periods constant suffering under breast at margin of ribs. Oozing of dark blood, highly coagulated, forming occasionally long, black, stringy clots.
Extreme pain during period. Suppression of menses. Vicarious menstruation from lungs and bowels. Constant aching distress at mouth of womb. Manses that had just ceased returned, bright-colored, soreness and bearing down in l. side preceding the flow and partially ceasing with it. Manses copious, bright red, not coagulating easily (in a woman who thought she had passed the climacteric, as there had been no discharge for over a year), it stopped as suddenly as it began, no pain, only faintness and confused feeling in head. Menorrhagia at climaxes.
Bland leucorrhea. Abortion. Deficient Laboure pains. Constant flooding. Puerperal peritonitis. Lochia too profuse, partly fluid, partly clotted; prolonged bearing-down pains; uterus feels drawn into a knot. Hypertrophy and subinvolution.
Xanthoxylum
Ovarian pain: with scanty and retarded menses; extending down genitocrural nerves; and sacral pains during pregnancy. Manses appeared one week before usual time; attended with a good deal of pain. Manses before time; flow increased, bright red; bearing-down pain radiating to hip, thighs, and back, with occasional shoots, making her catch her breath.
Dysmenorrhea with agonizing pains, driving patient almost distracted; neuralgic pain runs along course of genitocrural nerve; fulness in head; eyes congested, with photophobia; face flushed and feverish; agonizing bearing down; abundant discharge; excruciating pain in loins and lower abdomen. Menstrual flow: too early and profuse; pains down thighs; scanty and retarded. Constant headache better during menses, at which time she also suffered agonizing pains in pelvic region.
Amenorrhea for five months; face and legs edematous; very nervous, sensitive to least noise, hysterical mood; voice tremulous; fears she is going to die; general chlorotic appearance, constipation, scanty, frequent, and dark urine. Amenorrhea for longer time (months); constant headache; bearing down and tension in hypogastric region. Amenorrhea from getting feet wet; lasting six months; emaciation with cough; dirty-grey expectoration; pale face, night-sweats. Leucorrhea; profuse, milky-white. Great increase of leucorrhea during the time when menses should appear. After-pains. Profuse lochia. Violent hot pricking in ovary.
Pulsatilla
Nymphomania. Drawing, pressive pain extending towards uterus with qualmishness, towards morning. A burning (sticking) pain in vagina and pudenda. Metrorrhagia (discharge now stopping, and then stronger again, of coagulated, clotted blood, or with false Laboure-pains). Menstrual blood black, with clots of mucus, or pale and serous. Catamenia irregular, tardy, or premature, of too short or too long duration, or entirely suppressed (esp. if produced by getting the feet wet), with colic, hysterical spasms in abdomen, hepatic pains, gastralgia, pain in loins, nausea and vomiting, shivering and paleness of face, megrim, vertigo, moral affections, tenesmus of anus and bladder, stitches inside, and many other sufferings before, during, or after period.
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Dr. Sayyad Qaisar Ahmed (MD {Ukraine}, DHMS) ; senior research officer Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy Ukraine; is a leading Homeopathic physician practicing in Al-Haytham clinic, Umer Farooq Chowk Risalpur Sadder (0923631023, 03119884588), K.P.K, Pakistan.
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