Swine flu (swine influenza) is a respiratory disease caused by viruses (influenza viruses) that infect the respiratory tract of pigs, resulting in nasal secretions, a barking cough, decreased appetite, and listless behavior. Swine
Thank you for reading this post, don't forget to subscribe!Swine flu produces most of the same symptoms in pigs as human flu produces in people. Swine flu can last about one to two weeks in pigs that survive. Swine influenza virus was first isolated from pigs in 1930 in the U.S. and has been recognized by pork producers and veterinarians to cause infections in pigs worldwide. In a number of instances, people have developed the swine flu infection when they are closely associated with pigs (for example, farmers, pork processors), and likewise, pig populations have occasionally been infected with the human flu infection. In most instances, the cross-species infections (swine-origin virus to man; human flu virus to pigs) have remained in local areas and have not caused national or worldwide infections in either pigs or humans.
Unfortunately, this cross-species situation with influenza viruses (human infections with swine viruses) has had the potential to change. Investigators decided the 2009 so-called “swine flu” strain, first seen in Mexico, should be termed novel H1N1 flu since it was mainly found infecting people and exhibits two main surface antigens, H1 (hemagglutinin type 1) and N1 (neuraminidase type1). The eight RNA strands from novel H1N1 flu have one strand derived from human flu strains, two from avian (bird) strains, and five from swine strains.
The main swine flu viruses in pigs in recent years are swine triple reassorting (tr; it means a viral strain with genes from three different organisms) H1N1, trH3N2, and trH1N2. However, in August 2018, China first reported a new swine flu outbreak in pigs in Liaoning province. The pig flu strain is known as African swine flu, almost 100% fatal to pigs, was the cause. This strain is highly infectious, survives in heat and cold environments, and can remain viable and infectious on surfaces for days to weeks.
Currently, there is no effective vaccine or drug to stop its spread, so the disease is treated by the immediate slaughter of infected pigs and dig the blood if possible.
The newest swine flu virus that has caused swine flu is influenza A H3N2v (commonly termed H3N2v) which began as an outbreak in 2011. The “v” in the name means the virus is a variant that normally infects only pigs but has begun to infect humans. There have been small outbreaks of H1N1 influenza since the pandemic; a recent one is in India where at least three people have died.
Swine flu transition/contagious
Swine influenza is transmitted from person to person by inhalation or ingestion of droplets containing the virus from people sneezing or coughing; it is not transmitted by eating cooked meat.
Incubation period
The incubation period for swine flu is about one to four days and sometimes up to seven days, with the average being two days.
Contagious period for swine flu
The contagious period (human-to-human viral infection) for swine influenza in adults usually begins one day before symptoms develop in adults and lasts about five to seven days after the person becomes sick. However, people with weakened immune systems and children may be contagious for a longer period, about 10 to 14 days.
Swine flu infection period
In uncomplicated infections, swine flu typically begins to resolve after three to seven days, but the malaise and cough can persist for two weeks or more in some patients. Severe swine flu may require hospitalization which increases the length of time of infection to about nine to 10 days.
Why is swine flu now infecting humans?
Many researchers now consider that two main series of events can lead to swine flu (and also avian or bird flu) becoming a major cause of influenza illness in humans.
First, the influenza viruses (types A, B, C) are enveloped RNA viruses with a segmented genome; this means the viral RNA genetic code is not a single strand of RNA but exists as eight different RNA segments in the influenza viruses. A human (or bird) influenza virus can infect a pig respiratory cell at the same time as a swine influenza virus; some of the replicating RNA strands from the human virus can get mistakenly enclosed inside the enveloped swine influenza virus. For example, one cell could contain eight swine flu and eight human flu RNA segments. The total number of RNA types in one cell would be 16; four swine and four human flu RNA segments could be incorporated into one particle, making a viable eight RNA-segmented flu viruses from the 16 available segment types.
Various combinations of RNA segments can result in a new subtype of virus (this process is known as antigenic shift) that may have the ability to preferentially infect humans but still show characteristics unique to the swine influenza virus. It is even possible to include RNA strands from birds, swine, and human influenza viruses into one virus if a single cell becomes infected with all three types of influenza (for example, two bird flu, three swine flu, and three human flu RNA segments to produce a viable eight-segment new type of flu viral genome).
The formation of a new viral type is considered to be an antigenic shift; small changes within an individual RNA segment in flu viruses are termed antigenic drift and result in minor changes in the virus. However, these small genetic changes can accumulate over time to produce enough minor changes that cumulatively alter the virus’ makeup over time.
Second, pigs can play a unique role as an intermediary host to new flu types because pig respiratory cells can be infected directly with bird, human, and other mammalian flu viruses. Consequently, pig respiratory cells are able to be infected with many types of flu and can function as a “mixing pot” for flu RNA segments.
Bird flu viruses, which usually infect the gastrointestinal cells of many bird species, are shed in bird feces. Pigs, other animals and birds can pick these viruses up from the environment, and this seems to be a major way that bird flu virus RNA segments enter the mammalian flu virus population.
Symptoms
Symptoms of swine flu are similar to most influenza infections:
- fever (102 F or greater) with chillness,
- cough or croup (usually dry),
- nasal secretions,
- fatigue,
- headache, with fatigue (body/muscles pain).
- sore throat, rash,
- nausea and sometimes vomiting
- diarrhea.
Some patients develop severe respiratory symptoms, such as shortness of breath, and need respiratory support such as a ventilator. Patients can get pneumonia (bacterial secondary infection) if the viral infection persists, and some can develop seizures.
If not treated properly, death often occurs from secondary bacterial infection of the lungs. The usual mortality rate for typical influenza A is about 0.1% to 6%. (about 4000000 to 480000000 per year worldwide).
Risk factors for swine flu
Vaccination (Homeopathically prepared oral/injectable medicine) to prevent influenza is particularly important for people who are at increased risk for severe complications from influenza or at higher risk for an influenza-related doctor or hospital visits.
Diagnosis
Swine flu is presumptively diagnosed clinically by the patient’s history of association with people known to have the disease and their symptoms listed above. Usually, a quick test (for example, a nasopharyngeal swab sample) is done to see if the patient is infected with influenza A or B virus. Most of the tests can distinguish between A and B types.
If the test is positive for type B, the flu is not likely to be swine flu. If it is positive for type A, the person could have a conventional flu strain or swine flu.
On PCR technology H1N1 reliably in about one hour. Swine flu is definitively diagnosed by identifying the particular antigens (surface proteins) associated with the virus type.
Allopathic treatment for swine flu
There is no cure for the common cold in allopathy.
According to allopathic doctors, the common cold is a self-limiting illness that will resolve spontaneously with time and expectant management. Home remedies and medical treatments are directed at alleviating the symptoms associated with the common cold while the body fights off the infection.
Allopathic doctors advise home treatment for upper respiratory infections for example getting rest and drinking plenty of fluids.
In older children and adults, common over-the-counter drugs such as throat lozenges, throat sprays, cough drops, and syrups may help relieve symptoms, though they will not prevent or shorten the duration of the common cold.
The treatment for infants and small children with the common cold is also just supportive. It is especially important to allow rest and encourage plenty of fluids in order to prevent dehydration. Nasal drops and bulb suctioning may be used to clear nasal mucus from the nasal passages in infants. Medicines such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen may be taken for pain or fever based on the package recommendations for age and weight.
Do not use aspirin or aspirin-containing medications because it has been associated with a rare, potentially fatal condition called Reye’s syndrome.
Over-the-counter cough and other cold allopathic drugs for infants and young children are not recommended because of serious and potentially life-threatening side effects.
Gargling with warm salt water may help people with sore throats. Saline nasal sprays may also be beneficial.
Decongestant drugs such as pseudoephedrine or antihistamines may be used for nasal symptoms.
It is important to note that all allopathic drugs including over-the-counter medications may cause undesirable side effects, therefore they must be taken with care and as directed by the physician.
Pregnant women should discuss the safety of allopathic drugs with their doctors.
Vaccination (Homeopathically prepared oral/injectable medicine). A nasal spray vaccine that was approved for use in healthy individuals ages 2-49 or the injectable vaccine, made from killed H1N1 is approved for use in ages 6 months to the elderly, including pregnant females.
Common side effects of H1N1 vaccines (alone or in combination with other flu viral strains) are typical of flu vaccines used over many years and are as follows:
- Flu shot: Soreness, redness, minor swelling at the shot site, muscle aches, low-grade fever, and nausea do not usually last more than about 24 hours.
- Nasal spray: runny nose, low-grade fever, vomiting, headache, wheezing, cough, and sore throat
- Intradermal shot: redness, swelling, pain, headache, muscle aches, fatigue.
- Diarrhea, skin infections, hallucinations, and/or altered behavior may occur as side effects of these allopathic drugs.
Several antiviral, like zanamivir, baloxavir marboxil and oseltamivir, can prevent or reduce influenza A and B symptoms. These drugs should not be used indiscriminately, because viral resistance to them can and has occurred. Also, they are not recommended if the flu symptoms already have been present for 48 hours or more, although hospitalized patients may still be treated past the 48-hour guideline. The CDC has suggested in their guidelines that pregnant females can be treated with the two antiviral agents.
Severe infections in some patients may require additional supportive measures such as ventilation support and treatment of other infections like pneumonia.
There are many over-the-counter medications, such as naproxen, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen, to reduce fever and discomfort, lozenges to soothe a sore throat, and decongestants to help manage mucus production and coughing.
These medications help manage flu symptoms but do not cure the viral disease.
Homeopathic treatment for Swine flu
No single remedy can cure a person with cold or flu completely; Doctor should advise few medicines (or combination) according to each and every patient’s individual history.
These homeopathic medications can be used in conjunction with antiretroviral therapy along with other treatments for influenza and have been shown to be very effective in alleviating some of the commonly encountered symptoms and related complications.
Utmost care must be ensured and these homeopathic medicine for any patient/person should not be taken without consulting a homeopathic doctor.
Common flu medicines:
Influenzinum
A Homeopathic vaccine; the nosode of influenza has with many practitioners taken the place of Baptisia as the routine remedy in epidemics. It may be given in the 12th, 30th or 200th potency, either in the form of tincture, pilules, or diskettes; or ten globules may be dissolved in six ounces of water, and of this a dessertspoonful may be given for a dose.
It may be repeated every two hours. This will be found sufficient to control a large proportion of the cases.
The general directions I (Dr. Qaisar Ahmed MD, DHMS) give to my patients are these: When “colds” appear in a family let all those who are unaffected take Arsenicum Album 200 thrice daily, and let the patients take Influenzainum. 30 or 200 every hour or two. This generally prevents the spread of the trouble and clears up the “colds,” whether they are of the influenza type or not.
Influenza has the property of developing old troubles, and thus it takes an infinite variety of forms in different persons, so that Influenzinum need not be expected to cure all cases unaided, or, indeed, to be appropriate to every case.
Mercsole
Sneezing. Nostrils raw, ulcerated; nasal bones swollen. Yellow-green, fetid, pus-like discharge. Coryza. Throat bluish-red swelling. Constant desire to swallow. Putrid sore throat. Stitches into ear on swallowing; fluids return through nose. Quinsy, with difficult swallowing, after pus has formed. Aphonia. Burning in throat. Cough, with yellow muco-purulent expectoration. Stitches in lungs. Whooping-cough with nosebleed. Cough worse with smoke.
Arnica Montana
Coughs, paroxysmal, at night, during sleep, worse exercise. Acute tonsillitis, swelling of soft palate and uvula. Pneumonia; approaching paralysis. Hoarseness from overuse of voice. Cough produced by weeping and lamenting. Dry, from tickling low down in trachea. Bloody expectoration. Dyspnea with hemoptysis. All bones and cartilages of chest painful. Violent spasmodic cough, with facial herpes. Whooping cough, child cries before coughing. Pleurodynia.
Actia Rasemosa/Cimicifuga
Night cough, dry, constant, short – on every attempt to speak. Throat tickling with violent cough. Viscid mucus in throat; hawking. Dry spot in throat, causing cough; dryness of pharynx, with constant desire to swallow; fulness in pharynx: mouth and palate swollen; neck stiff. Inflamed throat.
Piper Nigrum
Heavy headache, as if temples were pressed in; pressure in nasal and facial bones. Eyes inflamed and burning. Red burning face. Bursting aching in eyeballs. Nose itches; sneezing; nosebleed. Lips dry and cracked. Throat sore, feels raw, burns. Burning pain in tonsils. Dyspnea, cough with pain in chest in spots, feels as if spitting blood. Palpitation, cardiac pain slow intermittent pulse.
Gastric discomfort. Full feeling. Great thirst. Flatulence. Tympanites. Colic and cramps.
Piper longum
Asthma, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, arthritis, heart disease, common cold, cough, indigestion, stress, sinus congestion, improves immune system speed up the recovery, and reduces fever.
Ginseng
Upper respiratory tract infections – Voice rough and hoarse. Croup. Dry cough in paroxysms. Short anxious or slow and deep with exertion, tightness of chest. Contractive pain across lower thorax. Aching and oppression in the chest. Prostration of strength, and lassitude in the limbs.
P. S: This article is only for doctors having good knowledge about Homeopathy and allopathy, for learning purpose(s).
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Non of above-mentioned medicine(s) is/are the full/complete treatment, but just hints for treatment; every patient has his/her own constitutional medicine.
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Dr. Sayyad Qaisar Ahmed (MD {Ukraine}, DHMS), Abdominal Surgeries, Oncological surgeries, Gastroenterologist, Specialist Homeopathic Medicines.
Senior research officer at Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy Ukraine.
Location: Al-Haytham clinic, Umer Farooq Chowk Risalpur Sadder (0923631023, 03119884588), K.P.K, Pakistan.
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