Sarcoidosis is a disease that results from a specific type of inflammation of body tissues. It can appear in almost any organ, but it starts most often in the lungs or lymph nodes.

The cause of sarcoidosis is unknown. The disease can appear suddenly and disappear. Or it can develop gradually and go on to produce symptoms that come and go, sometimes for a lifetime if not treated as it could be.

As sarcoidosis progresses, microscopic lumps of a specific form of inflammation, called granulomas, appear in the affected tissues. In the majority of cases, these granulomas clear up, either with or without treatment. In the few cases where the granulomas do not heal and disappear, the tissues tend to remain inflamed and become scarred (fibrotic).

Sarcoidosis rarely develops before the age of 10 and/or after the age of 60. The symptoms are those that are more general in nature, for example, tiredness, sluggishness, coughing, and a general feeling of ill health.

Sarcoidosis is currently thought to be associated with an abnormal immune response. It is not known whether the trigger that initiates the immune disturbance is a foreign substance, chemical, drug, virus, or some other substance.

Immunological studies on sarcoidosis patients show that many of the immune functions associated with thymus-derived white blood cells, called T-lymphocytes or T-cells, are depressed. The depression of this cellular component of systemic immune response is expressed in the inability of the patients to evoke a delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction (a positive skin test), when tested by the appropriate foreign substances, or antigen, underneath the skin.

In general, more than half of the time, sarcoidosis appears briefly and heals naturally, often without the patient knowing or doing anything about it. Some sarcoidosis patients are left with permanent lung damage. When either the granulomas or fibrosis seriously affect the function of a vital organ—the lungs, heart, nervous system, liver, or kidneys, for example — sarcoidosis can be fatal.

Originally, scientists thought that sarcoidosis was caused by an acquired state of immunological inertness (anergy). This notion was revised when the technique of bronchoalveolar lavage provided access to a vast array of cells and cell-derived mediators operating in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients. Sarcoidosis is now believed to be associated with a complex mix of immunological disturbances involving simultaneous activation, as well as depression, of certain immunological functions.

Symptom

Shortness of Breath

Shortness of breath has many causes affecting either the breathing passages and lungs or the heart or blood vessels. An average 150-pound (70 kilogram) adult will breathe at an average rate of 14 breaths per minute at rest. Excessively rapid breathing is referred to as hyperventilation. Shortness of breath is also referred to as dyspnea.

Doctors will further classify dyspnea as either occurring at rest or being associated with activity or exercise. They will also want to know if the dyspnea occurs gradually or all of a sudden. Each of these symptoms help to detect the precise cause of the shortness of breath.

Sarcoidosis is a spontaneous disease of unknown causes. There are no known predisposing risk factors for developing sarcoidosis.

The immune system is complex. Basically, B lymphocytes make antibodies to fight against infections, while T-lymphocytes patrol the tissues to fight off invaders in other ways.

The heightened cellular immune response in the diseased tissue is characterized by significant increases in activated T-lymphocytes with certain characteristic cell-surface antigens, as well as in activated alveolar macrophages. This pronounced, localized cellular response is also accompanied by the appearance in the lung of an array of lymphocyte-produced mediators generally called cytokines that are thought to contribute to the disease process. These include interleukin-1, interleukin-2, B-cell growth factor, B-cell differentiation factor, fibroblast growth factor, and fibronectin. Because a number of lung diseases follow respiratory tract infections, ascertaining whether a virus can be implicated in the events leading to sarcoidosis remains an important area of research.

In addition, the blood of sarcoidosis patients contains a reduced number of T-cells. These T-cells do not seem capable of responding normally when treated with substances known to stimulate the growth of laboratory-cultured T-cells. Neither do they produce their normal complement of immunological mediators, cytokines, through which the cells modify the behavior of other cells.

In contrast to the depression of the cellular immune response, the B-cell activity—or humoral immune response of sarcoidosis patients is elevated. The humoral immune response is reflected by the production of circulating antibodies against a variety of exogenous antigens, including common viruses. This humoral component of systemic immune response is mediated by another class of lymphocytes known as B-lymphocytes, or B-cells because they originate in the bone marrow.

In another indication of heightened humoral response, sarcoidosis patients seem prone to develop autoantibodies (antibodies against endogenous antigens) similar to rheumatoid factors.

With access to the cells and cell products in the lung tissue compartments through the bronchoalveolar technique, it also has become possible for researchers to complement the above investigations at the blood level with analysis of local inflammatory and immune events in the lungs. In contrast to what is seen at the systemic level, the cellular immune response in the lungs seems to be heightened rather than depressed.

Currently, thalidomide is being studied as a treatment for sarcoidosis. Future research with viral models may provide clues to the molecular mechanisms that trigger alterations in white blood cell (lymphocyte and macrophage) regulation leading to sarcoidosis.

Some recent observations seem to provide suggestive leads on this question. In these studies, the genes of cytomegalovirus (CMV), a common disease-causing virus, were introduced into lymphocytes, and the expression of the viral genes was studied. It was found that the viral genes were expressed both during acute infection of the cells and when the virus was not replicating in the cells. However, this expression seemed to take place only when the T-cells were activated by some injurious event.

In addition, the product of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) gene was found capable of activating the gene in alveolar macrophages responsible for the production of interleukin-1. Since interleukin-1 levels are found to increase in alveolar macrophages in patients with sarcoidosis, this suggests that certain viral genes can enhance the production of inflammatory components associated with sarcoidosis. Whether these findings implicate viral infections in the disease process in sarcoidosis is unclear.

Shortness of breath (dyspnea) and a cough that won’t go away can be among the first symptoms of sarcoidosis. But sarcoidosis can also show up suddenly with the appearance of skin rashes. Red bumps (erythema nodosum) on the face, arms, or shins and inflammation of the eyes are also common. Weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, fever, or just an overall feeling of ill health can also be clues. Enlargement of the salivary or tear-producing glands and cysts in bone tissue are also among sarcoidosis signals.

In addition to the lungs and lymph nodes, the body organs more likely than others to be affected by sarcoidosis are the liver, skin, heart, nervous system, and kidneys, in that order of frequency. Patients can have symptoms related to the specific organ affected, they can have only general symptoms, or they can be without any symptoms.

Symptoms also can vary according to how long the illness has been underway, where the granulomas are forming, how much tissue has become affected, and whether the granulomatous process is still active.

Even when there are no symptoms, a doctor can sometimes detect signs of sarcoidosis during a routine examination, usually a chest X-ray, or when checking out another complaint. The patient’s age and race or ethnic group can raise an additional red flag that a sign or symptom of illness could be related to sarcoidosis.

The lungs are usually the first site involved in sarcoidosis. Indeed, about nine out of 10 sarcoidosis patients have some type of lung problem, with nearly one-third of these patients showing some respiratory symptoms—usually coughing, either dry or with phlegm, and dyspnea. Occasionally, patients have chest pain and a feeling of tightness in the chest.

Sarcoidosis of the lungs begins with inflammation of the alveoli (alveolitis), the tiny sac-like air spaces in the lungs where carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged. Alveolitis either clears up spontaneously or leads to granuloma formation. Eventually, fibrosis can form, causing the usually flexible and compliant lung to stiffen and making breathing even more difficult.

Eye disease occurs in about 20%-30% of patients with sarcoidosis, particularly in children who get the disease. Almost any part of the eye can be affected — the membranes of the eyelids, cornea, outer coat of the eyeball (sclera), retina, and lens. The eye involvement can start with no symptoms at all or with reddening or watery eyes. In a few cases, cataracts, glaucoma, and blindness can result.

The skin is affected in 20% to 35% of sarcoidosis patients. Skin sarcoidosis is usually marked by small, raised patches on the face. Occasionally, the patches are purplish in color and larger. Patches can also appear on limbs, the face, and buttocks.

Other symptoms include the red bumps of erythema nodosum, mostly on the legs and often accompanied by arthritis in the ankles, elbows, wrists, and hands. Erythema nodosum usually goes away, but other skin problems can persist. Virtually any organ or organ system can be involved in sarcoidosis.

Occasionally, sarcoidosis can lead to nervous system problems. For example, sarcoid granulomas can appear in the brain, spinal cord, and facial and optic nerves. Rarely, the heart may be involved in sarcoidosis, which can be a serious problem. People with sarcoidosis can have depression that is unrelated to the activity of the disease and is felt to be, in part, because of a misdirected immune system.

Symptoms can appear suddenly and then disappear. Sometimes, due to not proper treatment, they can continue over a lifetime.

Preliminary diagnosis of sarcoidosis is based on the patient’s medical history, routine tests, a physical examination, and a chest X-ray.

The doctor confirms the diagnosis of sarcoidosis by eliminating other diseases with similar features. These include such granulomatous diseases as:

Chest X-ray

The chest X-ray is often helpful to give the doctor a picture of the lungs, heart, as well as surrounding tissues containing lymph nodes (where infection-fighting white blood cells form) and give the first indication of sarcoidosis. For example, a swelling of the lymph glands between the two lungs can show up on an X-ray. When sarcoidosis becomes more advanced, an X-ray can also show scarring in affected areas of the lungs.

Pulmonary function test

By performing a pulmonary function tests (PFT), the doctor can find out how well the lungs are doing their job of expanding and exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood. The lungs of sarcoidosis patients cannot handle these tasks as well as they should; this is because granulomas and fibrosis of lung tissue decrease lung capacity and disturb the normal flow of gases between the lungs and the blood. One pulmonary function tests (PFT) procedure calls for the patient to breathe into spirometer, spirometer records changes in the lung size as air is inhaled and exhaled, as well as the time it takes.

Blood test

Blood analyses can evaluate the number and types of blood cells in the body. Blood tests can also measure the levels of various blood proteins known to be involved in immunological activities, and they can show increases in serum calcium levels and abnormal liver function that often accompany sarcoidosis.

Blood tests can measure a blood substance called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Because the cells that make up granulomas secrete large amounts of converting enzyme (ACE), the enzyme levels are often high in patients with sarcoidosis. converting enzyme (ACE) levels, however, are not always high in sarcoidosis patients.

Bronchoalveolar lavage

With the bronchoscope (a long, narrow tube with a light at the end) to wash out, or lavage, cells, and other materials from inside the lungs. This wash fluid is then examined for the number of various cells and other substances that reflect inflammation and immune activity in the lungs. A high number of white blood cells in this fluid usually indicate inflammation in the lungs.

Biopsy

Transbronchial biopsy allows microscopic examination of specimens of lung tissue obtained with a bronchoscope. A transbronchial biopsy demonstrating evidence of the type of granuloma found in sarcoidosis is considered the definitive test.

Gallium scanning

In this procedure, the doctor injects the radioactive chemical element gallium-67 into the patient’s vein. The gallium collects at places in the body affected by sarcoidosis and other inflammatory conditions. Two days after the injection, the body is scanned for radioactivity. Increases in gallium uptake at any site in the body indicate that inflammatory activity has developed at the site and give an idea of which tissue, and how much tissue, has been affected. However, since any type of inflammation causes gallium uptake, a positive gallium scan does not necessarily mean that the patient has sarcoidosis. This test is rarely used today.

PET Scan

The PET (positron emission tomography) scan injects a small amount of radioactive glucose and tracks where it accumulates. While granulomas do accumulate glucose preferentially, so do other forms of inflammation and other conditions.

Kveim test

This test involves injecting a standardized preparation of sarcoid tissue material into the skin. On the one hand, a unique lump formed at the point of injection is considered positive for sarcoidosis. On the other hand, the test result is not always positive even if the patient has sarcoidosis.

Slit-lamp examination (for Eyes)

Slit lamp permits examination of the inside of the eye, can be used to detect silent damage from sarcoidosis.

Many patients with sarcoidosis require no treatment. Symptoms, after all, are usually not disabling and do tend to disappear spontaneously.

When therapy is recommended, the main goal is to keep the lungs and other affected body organs working and to relieve symptoms. The disease is considered inactive once the symptoms fade. I allopathy treating the disease, corticosteroid drugs remain the primary treatment for inflammation and granuloma formation. Prednisone is probably the corticosteroid most often prescribed.

Prednisone often improves the cough and pulmonary function tests in sarcoidosis. Unfortunately, if the lungs are severely affected by sarcoidosis, scarring develops in them. Prednisone will not clear the established scarring. In those unusual cases where sarcoidosis raises the calcium level in the blood, if lowering calcium and vitamin D intake is not sufficient to correct this, or the calcium elevation is symptomatic, then Prednisone can be rapidly effective at bringing the calcium level back to normal.

The doctor’s decision depends on the organ system involved and how far the inflammation has progressed. If the disease appears to be severe, especially in the lungs, eyes, heart, nervous system, spleen, or kidneys, the doctor may prescribe a corticosteroid.

Corticosteroid treatment usually results in improvement. Symptoms often start up again, however, when it is stopped.

Allopathic treatment, therefore, may be necessary for several years, sometimes for as long as the disease remains active or to prevent relapse, that’s why frequent checkups are important so that the doctor can monitor the illness and, if necessary, readjust the treatment.

Corticosteroids, for example, can have severe side effects: mood swings, swelling, and weight gain because the treatment tends to make the body hold on to water; high blood pressure; high blood sugar; and craving for food. Long-term use can affect the stomach, skin, and bones. This situation can bring on stomach pain, an ulcer, or acne or cause the loss of calcium from bones.

Besides corticosteroids, various other allopathic drugs have been tried, but their effectiveness has not been established in controlled studies. These drugs include:

• hydroxychloroquine,
• chloroquine,
• D-penicillamine.

Several allopathic drugs that suppress alveolitis by killing the cells that produce granulomas have also been tried:

• chlorambucil,
• azathioprine,
• methotrexate and
• cyclophosphamide.

None have been evaluated in controlled clinical trials, and the risk of using these drugs must be compared closely with the benefits of preventing organ damage by the disease. They are not to be used by pregnant women.

Cyclosporine, a drug used widely in organ transplants to suppress immune reactions, has been evaluated in one controlled trial. It was found to be unsuccessful. More recently, thalidomide has been used successfully in a limited number of patients and seemed to improve lung function and heal skin lesions. Infliximab has been reported recently as effective in treating patients with sarcoidosis.

For difficult-to-treat (refractory) sarcoidosis and sarcoidosis involving the nervous system (neurosarcoidosis), recent research medications that inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF-blockers) has been beneficial. The TNF-blockers used were adalimumab. (There are strong evidences that adalimumab increases risk of serious infections, such as tuberculosis, and it has also been reported to increase the risk of developing various cancers) and infliximab.

Homeopathic Treatment for Sarcoidosis

There are many effective medicines for sarcoidosis available in Homoeopathy, with proper diagnosis and prescription sarcoidosis treatment is not more then 40-60 days, even the complicated cases.

Arsenicum  Iodatum

Slight hacking cough, with dry and stopped-up nostrils. Diphtheria. Chronic follicular pharyngitis. Pleuritis exudativa. Chronic bronchitis. Pulmonary tuberculosis. Pneumonia, Broncho-pneumonia after grippe.  Recurrent fever and sweats. Skin dry, scaly, itching. Marked exfoliation of skin in large scales. Enlarged scrofulous glands. Venereal bubo. Debilitating night-sweats. Eczema. Psoriasis. Acne hard, shotty, indurated base with pustule.

Beryllium Metallicum

Inflammation of trachea and lungs. Bronchitis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis. Respiration painful, worse by movement. Bloody sputum. Slight fever with gradual weight lose. Tendency to skin tumors.

Bryonia Alba

Pressing, crushing, aching pain in eyes. Glaucoma. Inflammation of lungs and bronchial tubes. Bronchitis. Pneumonia. Pleurisy. Dry, hard , painful cough. Scanty sputum, rusty blood streaked .  Stitches in chest. Soreness of larynx. Tough mucus in trachea, loosened only with much hawking. Joints  swollen, hot with stitching and tearing.

Calcarea Iodata

Enlarged lymph glands. Hectic fever with green purulent expectoration. Chronic cough; Pain in chest, difficulty breathing after syphilis and mercurialization. Hectic fever; green purulent expectoration. Croup. Pneumonia.

Skin: Indolent ulcers, accompanying varicose veins. Easy perspiration. Copper-colored and papulous eruptions, tinea, favus, crusta lactea, swelling of the glands, skin cracked, Hair fall.

Iodum

Loss of flesh/Losing weight with great appetite. Anxiety when quiet. Present anxiety and depression. Sudden impulse to run and do violence. Forgetful. Must be busy. Fear of people, shuns every one. Melancholy. Suicidal tendency. Violent lachrymation. Pain in eyes. Pupil dilated. Constant motion of eyeballs. Acute dacryocystitis. Acute nasal engorgement associated with high blood pressure. Enlarged lymph nodes. Eustachian deafness. Thyroid enlarged. Goitre, with sensation of constriction. Swollen submaxillary glands. Uvula swollen.

Inflammation of lung, pneumonia. Difficult expansion of chest. Blood streaked sputum. Pleuritis effusion. Croup with difficult respiration. Violent heart action. Tachycardia. Joints inflamed and painful. Myocarditis. Palpitation from least exertion. Tachycardia.

Liver and spleen sore and enlarged. Jaundice. Mesenteric glands enlarged. Pancreatic disease. Cutting pain in abdomen. Haemorrhage at stool. Diarrhoea, whitish, frothy, fatty. Constipation, with ineffectual urging; better by drinking cold milk. Constipation alternating with diarrhoea.

Joints inflamed and painful. Pain in bones at night. White swelling. Gonorrhoeal rheumatism. Rheumatism of nape and upper extremities. Cold hands and feet. Acrid sweat of feet. Pulsation in large arterial trunks. Rheumatic pains, nightly pains in joints; constrictive sensations.

Lycopodium Clavatum

Melancholy; afraid to be alone. Little things annoy, Extremely sensitive. Day-blindness, Night-blindness more characteristic. Sees only one-half of an object. Ulceration and redness of lids. Thick, yellow, offensive discharge. Eczema about and behind ears. Otorrhoea and deafness with or without tinnitus.

Dyspnoea. Tensive, constrictive, burning pain in chest. Inflammation of lungs. Pneumonia. Difficulty in breathing. Flying of ale nasi and presence of mucous rales. Deep hollow cough. Greenish yellow, lumpy, foul and bloody sputum. Weak digestion. Flatulent abdomen. Aneurysm. Varicose veins. Aortic disease. Palpitation. Hives; worse, warmth. Violent itching; fissured eruptions. Acne. erectile tumors. Brown spots, freckles. Chronic eczema associated with urinary, gastric and hepatic disorders. Psoriasis.

Phosphorus

Lowness of spirits. Cataract, sees better by shading eyes with hand. Atrophy of optic nerve. Partial loss of vision. Diplopia. Glaucoma. Partial loss of vision. Thrombosis of retinal vessels and degenerative changes in retinal cells. Inflammation of lungs. Hard, dry, tight, racking cough. Congestion of lungs. Burning pains, heat and oppression of chest. Pneumonia of left lower lung. Pneumonia with oppression, worse lying on left side. Rusty , blood –colored , purulent sputum. Difficulty in breathing. Bleeding hemorrhoids.

Pancreatic disease. Large, yellow spots on abdomen. Violent cardiac palpitation with anxiety. Pulse rapid, small, and soft. Heart dilated (Cardiomegaly). Wounds bleed very much, even if small; they heal and break out again. Jaundice. Little ulcer outside of large ones. Petechiae. Ecchymosis. Purpura hemorrhagica. Scurvy. Fungus haematodes and excrescences.

Pulsatilla Nigricans

Thick, profuse, yellow, bland discharges. Itching and burning in eyes. Profuse lachrymation and secretion of mucus. Veins of fundus oculi greatly enlarged. Changeable moods. Weeps easily. Desires company. Difficulty in breathing. Shortness of breath, worse lying on left side. Dry cough in evening and night, must sit up in bed to get relief. Expectoration bland, yellow greenish. Joints red and swollen. Pain shifting rapidly. Measles. Acne at puberty. Varicose veins. Stitches in praecordial region. Burning in region of heart.

Spongia

Great dryness of all air-passages, dry, rough, short and irritating coughs, Croup. They feel extreme dryness in all the air passages. The cough gets worse mostly during night time. It may be better by taking warm drinks. Along with cough there may be difficulty in breathing and suffocation. Another attending symptom is burning sensation in the chest. Sometimes they also complain of whistling in the chest and pain in the chest on coughing. Valvular insufficiency. Angina pectoris; faintness, Hypertrophy of heart, with asthmatic symptoms (cardiac asthma). Swelling and induration of glands,  Itching; measles.

Kali Phos

Cough, with scanty, thick, white, yellowish expectoration catching breath. Heart – dull throbbing, Vomiting of blood, with palpitation. Blue spots on calves as if they would ulcerate. Itching of whole skin.

Rhus Toxicodendron

Haemoptysis from overexertion. Oppression of the chest, cannot get breath with sticking pains. Bronchial coughs. Hypertrophy from overexertion. Pulse quick, weak, irregular, intermittent. Red, swollen; itching intense. Vesicles, herpes; urticaria; pemphigus; erysipelas; vesicular suppurative forms. Glands swollen. Cellulitis. Burning eczematous eruptions with tendency to scale formation.

Belladonna

Throbbing deep in eyes on lying down. Pupils dilated. The eyes are red, congested in cases that require it, photophobia; shooting in eyes. Exophthalmos. Ocular illusions The nature of pain to use this medicine can be aching, shooting, burning type. Dry cough, Barking cough, whooping cough. Violent cardiac palpitation, with labored breathing.

Skin dry and hot; swollen, sensitive; burns scarlet, smooth. Eruption like scarlatina, suddenly spreading. Erythema; pustules on face. Glands swollen, tender, red. Boils. Acne rosacea. Suppurative wounds. Alternate redness and paleness of the skin. Indurations after inflammations. Erysipelas.

Euphrasia

Eyes Inflammation, Inflammation of the cornea. Obscuration of and pellicle over cornea. Photophobia, especially in daylight and in the sunshine. Stitches under the sternum, especially during an inspiration.

Skin, Consequences of blows, bruises, and contusions. Condylomata, itching when walking, burning when touched.

Apis Mellifica

Photophobia. Sudden piercing pains. Pain around orbits. Serous exudation, oedema, and sharp pains. Suppurative inflammation of eyes. Keratitis with intense chemosis of ocular conjunctiva. Staphyloma of cornea following suppurative inflammation. Hoarseness; dyspnoea, breathing hurried and difficult. Edema of larynx. Feels as if he could not draw another breath. Suffocation; short, dry cough, suprasternal. Hydrothorax. Swellings after bites; sore, sensitive. Stinging. Erysipelas, with sensitiveness and swelling, rosy hue. Carbuncles, with burning, stinging pain.

Graphites

Ophthalmia, with intolerance of artificial light. Moisture and eruptions behind the ears. Spasmodic asthma, suffocative attacks.

Skin rough, hard, persistent dryness of portions of skin unaffected by eczema. Early stage of keloid and fibroma. Pimples and acne. Eruptions, oozing out a sticky exudation. Rawness in bends of limbs, groins, neck, behind ears. Unhealthy skin; every little injury suppurates. Ulcers discharging a glutinous fluid, thin and sticky. Swelling and induration of glands. Gouty nodosities. Cracks in nipples, mouth, between toes, anus. Phlegmonous erysipelas of face; burning and stinging pain.

Drosera

Blindness. Spasmodic, Presbyopia and weakness of the eyes dry irritative cough, like whooping-cough. yellow expectoration, with bleeding from nose and mouth; retching. Asthma when talking. Cough, proceeding from the depth of the chest, with pains. Hypochondria and in the chest. Asthma when talking.

Rhus Toxicodendron

Eyes – orbital cellulitis, Photophobia; profuse flow of yellow pus. Ulceration of the cornea. Dry teasing cough. Bronchial coughs. Cardiac Hypertrophy. Pulse quick, weak, irregular, intermittent. Red, swollen; itching intense. Vesicles, herpes; urticaria; pemphigus; erysipelas; vesicular suppurative forms. Glands swollen. Cellulitis. Burning eczematous eruptions with tendency to scale formation.

Leprominum (Mycobacterium leprae, Nosode of Leprosy) (Russian research in Russian language)

Описание Лепроминиум (Leprominium) лекарственной формы

 Nosode of leprosy.
Нозод проказы.
В библейские времена проказой называли разные кожные заболевания, в том числе такие хронические или инфекционные заболевания, которые, вероятно, включали псориаз и лейкодермии. В настоящее время проказа, или болезнь гансена, понимается как хроническая грануломатозная инфекция, причиной которой является mycobacterium leprae (палочка лепры), действующая на наружные части тела, такие, как кожа. Существуют различные формы, а именно:
Анестетическая лепра. Поражаются главным образом нервы, отмечается повышенная чувствительность, следующая за анестезией, параличом, язвообразованием и различными трофическими нарушениями, заканчивающимися гангреной и увечьями.
Лепроматозная (бугорковая) лепра, при которой кожные узелковые поражения инфильтрированы с отсутствием четких контуров и являются бактериологически положительными; тест с лепромином отрицателен.
Туберкулоидная лепра, кожная, гладкая или узелковая лепра; доброкачественная (по сравнению с лепроматозным типом. Прим. Гл. Ред.), постоянная и устойчивая форма заболевания, при которой реакция на лепромин является явно положительной и при которой поражения представлены эритематозными, нечувствительными, инфильтрированными бляшками с четко очерченными краями [stedmans].
«хотя проказа напоминает многие заболевания, она никогда не приводит к состоянию депрессии, ни прямо, ни косвенно, что является достаточно уникальным. Это дало нам клиническую перспективу тщательного индивидуализирования использования этого нозода».
Испытано и введено Dr Qaisar Ahmed.

Диф. диагностика

 Syphilinum. tuberculinum. carcinosinum.
*** syphilinum и leprominium.
Депрессия: syph. Приводит к суицидальным намерениям; lepr. Приводит к принятию своей судьбы и обращению к религии и бог.
Выздоровление: syph. Отчаяние; lepr. Полон надежд.
Педантичность: syph. Мания мыться; lepr. Тщательный, хочет и поддерживает порядок в веща.

Сон

 Сон: syph. Бессонница; lepr. Нормальный сон, просыпается отдохнувши.

Общие симптомы

 Общие симптомы: syph. Хуже ночью; lepr. Хуже от солнца. У syph. Страстное желание алкоголя; у lepr. Страстное желание острой пищи, зеленого перца; мяса; рыбы. syph. Слюнотечение; lepr. Отсутствие слюнотечени.
*** tuberculinum и leprominium.
Внешность: tub. красивая внешность, длинные ресницы, круглое лицо и сияющие глаза; lepr. Некрасивая внешность, некрасивое лицо, жирная кожа и восковой но.

Религия: tub. не особенно религиозный; lepr. Религиозны.
Поведение: tub. клептомания; lepr. Ничего не украде.
Настроение: tub. очень раздражительный; lepr. Обычно мягкий в поведении, только иногда раздражаетс.
Путешествие: tub. желание путешествовать; lepr. Нет особого желания путешествоват.
Страхи: tub. боязнь собак; lepr. Бесстрашны.
Потоотделение: tub. обильная потливость, особенно лица, носа и верхней губы; lepr. Потливость не выражена, сухость кож.
*** carcinosinum и leprominium.
Работа: carc. Трудолюбивый; lepr. Леность из-за физической недееспособност.
Заболевания от: carc. Предчувствия, испуга и приближения; lepr. Длительное переживание гор.
Настроение: carc. Гнев из-за собственных ошибок; lepr. Обычно обладает мягким характеро.
Эмоции: carc. Плачет от замечаний, от музыки, когда рассказывает о своих симптомах; lepr. Не склонен плакат.
Утешение: carc. Утешение.
Страхи: carc. Боится животных, собак, темноты, толпы, экзаменов; lepr. Бесстрашны.
Путешествие: carc. Желание путешествовать; lepr. Желание путешествовать не выражен.

Кожа

 Кожа: cars. Склонность к образованию родинок; lepr. Склонность к ихтиозу и псориаз.

Голова, лицо и уши

 Глаза: cars. Синюшные склеры; lepr. Глаза чрезмерно сухие и тусклы.
Лицо прокаженного (львиноподобное лицо)1.
Утолщение кожи лица с постоянно присутствующими поперечными и вертикальными морщинами.
«человек, уродливый внешне, но очень добрый сердцем».

Характеристика и сферы действия

 Кожа. Слизистые оболочки. [глаза; нос; рот; горло]. Психика.

Характерные особенности

 П религиозная меланхолия. Объясняет, что болезнь это судьба, и обращается к богу.
Отвращение к жизни, однако нет желания совершить самоубийство.
П надеется на выздоровление.
П чувствует себя отвергнутым и подавленным.
Однако не хотел бы просить.
Лучше умереть, чем попросить.
П тщательный.
П желание надевать белую одежду.
Отвращение к одежде черного цвета.
П сочувствующий и ищущий сочувствия.
«однако в начальной стадии заболевания замыкается в себе, так как не хочет, чтобы другие знали о его болезни».
О склонность к кровотечениям, простудам и нагноению.
О в семейном анамнезе туберкулез, может быть лепра.
О в анамнезе:
Глисты. Неоднократные вакцинации. Оспа. Чесотка.
О следует применять при заболеваниях, которые развиваются медленно, но приводят к необратимым патологическим изменениям.
О благоприятное действие lepr.
«в большинстве случаев успешного применения leprominium после приема нозода у пациента наблюдался жидкий стул со слизью».
О хуже лучистое тепло и солнце.
О скудное потоотделение. Сухость по всему телу.

    О желание холодной как лед воды; острой пищи; мяса; рыбы; зеленого перца; кислого; сладкого.
О отвращение к сладкому и молоку.
О хуже кислое.
О отсутствует желание секса [у лиц как мужского, так и женского пола].
О лучше отдых.
Ф преждевременное поседение волос.
Ф светобоязнь.
Слезотечение, нераздражающее или едкое, хуже от света и солнца.
Ф уплощенный кончик носа.
Заложенность носа.
Расстройство чувства обоняния.
Ф лицо воскообразное или маслянистое.
Выпадение одной трети бровей с наружного конца.
Ф ощущение, будто что-то застряло в горле.
Ф боли в суставах, особенно коленных и в спине.
Ф жар в ладонях и подошвах.
Ф гипопигментированные пятна; утолщенные, четко очерченные, поднимающиеся над поверхностью кожи бляшки.
Поражение кожи, напоминающее дерматомикоз.
* все симптомы взяты из работы the emerging picture of leprominium: the leprosy nosode, представленной prakash vakil в proceeding of the 1991 professional case conference.

«в большинстве случаев симптоматология многих нозодов изучалась в клинических исследованиях, когда пациенты отвечали на вопросы, касающиеся их симптоматических реакций на заболевание. Получено клиническое подтверждение эффективности нозодов, назначаемых с учетом этих симптоматических показаний. Для исследования leprominium мы собрали признаки и симптомы, которые предъявили 100 пациентов, страдающих различными типами лепры. Мы также включили признаки и симптомы, опубликованные в других надежных источниках. Было приготовлено два нозода: (1) leprominium-h, изготовленный из лепрозного бугорка, локализованного в ухе пациента, где возбудитель лепры был обнаружен при микроскопическом исследовании; (2) leprominium a препарат, изготовленный из бацилл лепры, культивируемых на перепонках лап армадилл2. leprominium a используется для определения реактивности пациентов.

Аппетит и пищевые пристрастия

 Отвращение – молоко. Отвращение – сладкое.
Желание – рыба. Желание – холодная как лед вода. Желание – мясо. Желание – острая пища. Желание – зеленый перец. Желание – кислое. Желание – сладкое.
Ухудшение: кислое.

Thyroidinum

 Dry, painful cough with scanty, difficult expectoration and burning in pharynx. Heart weak, frequent pulse, with inability to lie down. Tachycardia. Anxiety about chest, as if constricted. Palpitation from least exertion. Severe heart pain; Ready excitability of heart. Progressive diminution of sight with central scotoma. Progressive diminution of sight with central scotoma. Psoriasis associated with adiposity. Skin dry, impoverished. Cold hands and feet. Eczema. Uterine fibroids. Browne swelling. Swelling of glands of stony hardness. Ichthyosis, lupus. Itching without eruption.

Beryllium Metallicum

Severe asthenia with drowsiness, feeling the cold, and weight loss. All cases of acute viral affection (including the flu), where breathing difficulty (severe dyspnea and violent cough/dyspnea at the slightest effort) quickly become serious and where there is major asthenia. Also indicated in laryngitis, severe bronchitis and pneumopathy,  viral pneumonia, emphysema, bronchitis and bronchiolitis”.  pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, obstructive pulmonary disease. Indicated in cases of lung oedema and when granulomas are present. In oncology, it may be prescribed as part of supportive care, to patients with bronchial cancer with a painful cough, asthenia and anorexia. Psoro-sycosis and tubercular in acute cases; syphilitic in chronic cases.

ENT signs

Coryza with obstruction, dry, cracked lips, redness of the mucous membranes of the mouth and pharynx. Ulcers of the tip of the tongue. Shiny appearance (as if vitrified) of the mucous membranes. Metallic taste, burning and cutting dysphagia improved by cold drinks and eating. Tinnitus.

Intermittent fever, in spurts, beginning with chills, worsening from 23 hours to the morning, accompanied by great weakness and sweating.

Digestive signs

Anorexia, feeling of fullness, of being bloated, aggravated by breathing in, nausea, improved when lying down and aggravated in the car; aversion to sweets.

Respiratory signs

Inflammation of the larynx with hoarseness, dyspnea which worsens at the slightest movement, dry, painful cough, aggravated when leaning back and from the cold, improved in a warm room. The cough is spasmodic, seeming to come from the sternum. No or very slight sputum with a sweet taste. A little hemoptysis may be present as well as a feeling of chest oppression when taking a breath, wheezing and crackles on auscultation.

Psychological signs

Anxiety with the fear of being seriously ill. Patient wants rapid therapeutic results.

Cerebral Signs

Occipital and/or parietal headaches improved by fresh air, aggravated by coughing and movement. The pain goes from left to right, they are throbbing, with a feeling of bursting.

Radiological signs

Blurred images, suggesting an acute pneumopathy. Micronodular infiltrate in chronic cases.

Cardiac signs

Palpitations with sensation of lipothymia and weakness of the legs.

Locomotor signs

Prickly back pain, with a feeling of cold in the lumbar area; pain like bruising of the limbs, pain as for a sprain. Finger clubbing (in chronic cases).

Urinary symptoms: increased porphyrinuria.

Skin signs

Papular and itchy rashes. Skin ulcerations (in chronic cases).

Haematological signs

Hypochromic macrocytic anaemia, leukocytosis, hypercalcemia, hyperproteinemia and increased sedimentation rate.

COMPARISONS

Phosphorus and Lachesis in acute cases but also Calcarea carbonica, Baryta carbonica, Calcarea silicata, Hepar sulfur, Magnesia carbonica, Strontium carbonicum and Causticum in chronic cases

Latrodectus Mactans

Latrodectus mactans mainly affects the heart, producing a typical picture of Angina pectoris. Heart attack. The precordial region seems to be the center of attack. The person becomes restless with heart pains and prostrated. Anxiety about the heart. Fear of suffocating or dying. Violent heart pains , sharp, extending to shoulders or both arms to fingers with numbness. Constriction of chest muscles with radiation to shoulders and back. It is a left sided remedy.

Blood becomes thin and watery. Lowered coagulability. Inflammation of the coronary arteries. Chronic hemorrhaging endothelial plasmatic condition. Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia.

Violent abdominal pain with nausea and sinking sensation at epigastrium. Extreme apnea. Gasping for breath, fear of losing breath or dying.

Coldness of the whole surface of the body. Skin cold as marble.

Hippozaeninum

Abscesses. Boils. Bronchitis. Cancer. Carbuncles. Caries. Catarrh, chronic. Colds, chronic. Diphtheria. Elephantiasis. Erysipelas. Glanders. Glands, inflamed. Hip-disease. Liver enlargement. Lupus excedens. Nasal cartilages and ulceration. Edema. Ozaena. Parotitis. Phlegmasia alba dolens. Phlegmon. Plague. Pustules. Putrid fever. Pyaemia. Scrofula. Smallpox, confluent. Syphilis. Tuberculosis. Ulcers. Whooping-cough.

Euphrasia lathyris

Labored breathing. Breath cold, musty odor. Cough; first, a hacking, as from inhalation of sulphur; later on, paroxysmal, like whooping-cough, in regular paroxysms, ending in diarrhoea and vomiting, with sleepiness between each paroxysm.

Heart weak and fluttering heart-action. Pulse 120, full, bounding, somewhat irregular.

Sepia

Muscular asthenopia; black spots in the field of vision; asthenic inflammations. Tarsal tumors. Ptosis, ciliary irritation. Venous congestion of the fundus. Dry fatiguing cough. Dyspnoea; worse, after sleep; better, rapid motion. Hypostatic pleuritis. Whooping-cough. Violent intermittent cardiac palpitation. Beating in all arteries. Tremulous feeling with flushes.

Herpes circinatus in isolated spots. Itching; not relieved by scratching. Chloasma; herpetic eruption on lips, about mouth and nose. Ringworm-like eruption. Urticaria. Ichthyosis with offensive odor of skin.

P. S : This article is only for doctors having good knowledge about Homeopathy and allopathy,  for learning purpose(s).

For proper consultation and treatment, please visit our clinic.

Location, address and contact numbers are given below.

NoN of above mentioned medicine(s) is/are the full/complete treatment, but just hints for treatment; every patient has his/her own constitutional medicine.

To order medicine by courier, please send your details at WhatsApp– +923119884588

Dr. Sayyad Qaisar Ahmed (MD {Ukraine}, DHMS), Abdominal Surgeries, Oncological surgeries, Gastroenterologist, Specialist Homeopathic Medicines.

  Senior research officer at Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy Ukraine.

Location:  Al-Haytham clinic, Umer Farooq Chowk Risalpur Sadder (0923631023, 03119884588), K.P.K, Pakistan.

Find more about Dr Sayed Qaisar Ahmed at :

https://www.youtube.com/Dr Qaisar Ahmed

https://www.facebook.com/dr.qaisar.dixecosmetics

https://www.dixecosmetics.com