An arrhythmia is a heart rhythm that isn’t normal or abnormal heartbeat. Arrhythmias can start in different parts of our heart and they can be too fast, too slow or just irregular.
Thank you for reading this post, don't forget to subscribe!Normally, our heart beats in an organized, coordinated way. Issues with various parts of our heart — or even the blood our heart pumps — can affect our heart’s normal rhythm. Having a normal heart rhythm matters because our heart supplies our whole body with nutrients and oxygen through the blood it pumps.
Some types of arrhythmia are harmless and don’t require treatment. Others can put you at risk for cardiac arrest. Many are in between these two extremes. A healthcare provider can tell you which type of arrhythmia you have and what kind of treatment you need, if any.
Causes
There are several things and many diseases that can cause arrhythmia.
Those causes can include:
- Stress
- Genetics
- Injury from a heart attack or scarring of heart tissue from a prior heart attack
- Changes to your heart’s structure, such as from cardiomyopathy
- Coronary heart disease or Blocked arteries
- High blood pressure
- Overactive and underactive thyroid gland
- Smoking
- Drinking alcohol or too much caffeine especially coffee
- Drug abuse
- Diabetes
- Sleep apnea
- Coronary artery disease.
- Irritable tissue in your heart (due to genetic or acquired causes).
- Changes in your heart muscle (cardiomyopathy).
- Valve disorders.
- Electrolyte imbalances in your blood.
- The healing process after heart surgery.
- Other medical conditions.
If you look at these causes, they are pretty varied. Some of them like smoking, drugs, and drinking are things that you can manage and are under your control. A lot of the other causes, like genetics and issues with the thyroid glands, are more or less out of your hands. There are also different types of arrhythmias that go along with the various causes of irregular heartbeats.
Types of Arrhythmia
When you are discussing arrhythmias and the different types of arrhythmias, you get into multiple types in a few different categories. Let’s start with categories; there are two of them.
1. Tachycardia
Tachycardia is a fast, irregular heartbeat. With tachycardia, a resting heart rate is greater than 100 beats a minute.
2. Bradycardia
Bradycardia is a slow, irregular heartbeat. Here, the resting heart rate is less than 60 beats a minute.
Within those two main types, you have several other subtypes.
3. Atrial Flutter (AFL)
Atrial flutter is a result of rapid circuits in the atrium. It is usually more organized and regular than atrial fibrillation. Atrial flutter occurs most often in people with heart disease and in those who have had heart surgery, usually within the first week. It isn’t unusual for this to convert to atrial fibrillation.
4. Atrial Fibrillation (A-fib or AF)
Atrial fibrillation is a very common irregular heart rhythm that causes the upper chambers of the heart (the atria), to contract abnormally.
5. Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach or VT)
VT is a rapid heart rhythm originating from the ventricles (or lower chambers) of the heart. This rapid heartbeat prevents the heart from filling with the correct amount of blood, which, of course, means there is less blood to be pumped to the rest of the body. This particular arrhythmia, especially in people with heart disease, can be dangerous and may be linked to more symptoms.
6. Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib or VF)
Ventricular fibrillation is an erratic, disorganized firing of impulses from the ventricles. The ventricles shudder and are unable to contract or pump blood to the body. This is a medical emergency, and if it’s affecting you, someone should be performing CPR on you as you read this.
7. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)
PSVT is a rapid heart rate, usually with a regular rhythm, originating from above the ventricles. PSVT begins and ends suddenly. There are two main types: accessory path tachycardias and AV nodal reentrant tachycardias.
8. Accessory Pathway Tachycardias (AVRT)
This rapid heart rate is a result of an extra abnormal pathway or connection between the atria and the ventricles. The impulses travel through the extra pathways as well as through the usual route. This allows the impulses to travel around the heart very quickly, causing the heart to beat unusually fast.
9. AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)
AVNRT is a rapid heart rate due to you having more than one pathway through the AV node. AV nodal reentrant tachycardia can cause heart palpitations, fainting, or heart failure.
10. Bradyarrhythmias
These are slow heart rhythms, which may be caused by a disease in the heart’s electrical conduction system.
11. Sinus Node Dysfunction (SND)
Slow heart rhythm due to an abnormal SA (sinus) node. A pacemaker is used to treat sinus node dysfunction.
12. Heart Block
A heart block is a delay or complete block of the electrical impulse as it travels from the sinus node to the ventricles of the heart. It can be treated with a pacemaker.
Symptoms
One of the most important things about heart arrhythmias is recognizing them before the possible damage becomes too bad and can’t be repaired.
Symptoms of an arrhythmia can include:
- Fatigue
- Fainting or near-fainting spells
- Dizziness
- Lightheadedness
- Shortness of breath
- Rapid heartbeat or pounding
- Chest pain
- In extreme cases, collapse and heart attack
If you are suffering from a few of these symptoms, it would be a good idea to seek medical attention to check it out. Several of these symptoms are linked to other less threatening issues, but it’s better to be safe than sorry.
Heart arrhythmia symptoms may include:
- Heart palpitations.
- Dizziness or lightheadedness.
- Fainting episodes.
- Shortness of breath.
- Chest discomfort.
- Weakness or fatigue.
A cardiac arrhythmia may be “silent” and not cause any symptoms.
Diagnose arrhythmia
Some tests that can check for an irregular heart rhythm and associated diseases include:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG).
- Blood tests to check your electrolyte levels or look for a genetic issue.
- Ambulatory monitors.
- Stress test.
- Echocardiogram.
- Cardiac catheterization.
- Electrophysiology study (EPS).
- Tilt table test.
- Computed tomography (CT).
- Heart MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).
Risk factors for arrhythmia
Risk factors for arrhythmia include:
- Smoking and/or chewing tobacco.
- Drinking alcohol.
- Consuming drinks and foods having caffeine.
- Taking stimulants like cold drinks, allopathic medicines and/or allopathic supplements.
- Having high blood pressure.
- Having a BMI (body mass index) higher than 30.
- Having high blood sugar.
- Sleep apnea.
Allopathic treatment tips for Arrhythmia
Depending on the type of arrhythmia the doctor will decide which form of treatment will be made
available to the patient. These can range from a device implanted in, drugs and medications. There are two main types of devices:
1. Pacemaker
A pacemaker is a small implantable device that helps control abnormal heart rhythms. The pacemaker is placed under the skin near the collarbone, and an insulated wire extends from the pacemaker to the heart. If a pacemaker detects a heart rate that’s abnormal, it emits electrical impulses sent down the wire to the heart that stimulates the heart to beat at a normal rate.
2. Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD)
An ICD is a battery-powered unit that is implanted under the skin near the collarbone. One or more electrode-tipped wires from the ICD run through veins to the heart. The ICD continuously monitors the heart rhythm. If it detects an abnormal heart rhythm, it sends out an electric shock to reset the heart to a normal rhythm. An ICD doesn’t prevent an abnormal heart rhythm from occurring, but it can help the heart go back to normal when one occurs.
In terms of these implants it is clear that they don’t treat the cause of disease but just camouflages the symptomes.
3. Medications
Many medications can treat arrhythmias. Because everyone is different. Heart arrhythmia treatments include:
- Antiarrhythmic drugs that convert the arrhythmia to sinus rhythm (normal rhythm) or prevent an arrhythmia.
- Medicines that control your heart rate.
- Anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy drugs (such as warfarin or aspirin) that reduce the risk of blood clots forming.
- Medications that treat related conditions that may be causing an abnormal heart rhythm.
For patient it’s important to know the side effects of his/her medications.
In order to prevent issues and side effects, it’s best if the doctor inform his/her patients about them.
4. Vagal Maneuvers
There are some movements that may be able to stop an arrhythmia that begins above the lower half of the heart (supraventricular tachycardia). These movements may include holding the breath and straining, dunking the face in ice water, or coughing.
5. Cardioversion
Certain types of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, can be controlled with the use cardioversion. A shock is delivered to the heart through paddles or patches on patient’s chest. The idea is that the electrical current affects the electrical impulses in patient’s heart and can restore a normal heartbeat.
6. Catheter Ablation
The doctor threads one or more catheters through the blood vessels to the heart. Electrodes at the catheter tips can use heat, extreme cold or radiofrequency energy to damage (ablate) a small spot of heart tissue and create an electrical block along the pathway that’s causing arrhythmia.
Surgery
People with arrhythmias may require heart surgery for any of these reasons:
- To treat heart disease that may be causing the arrhythmia, including valve surgery or coronary artery bypass surgery.
- A maze procedure can correct atrial fibrillation that doesn’t respond to medications or nonsurgical treatment methods.
- In some cases, a provider may place biventricular pacemaker leads (tiny wires) on your heart using minimally invasive or surgical techniques.
Side effects of the allopathic treatment
Side effects and complications vary depending on the treatment. They may include:
| Treatment | Side effects or complications |
|---|---|
| Arrhythmia medication | · Allergic reactions. · Dizziness. · Headaches. · Bleeding. · Upset stomach. |
| Cardioversion | · Embolization of blood clots. · Skin bruises. · Skin rash. |
| Catheter ablation | · Bleeding. · Blood clots. · Stroke. · Infection. · Injury to a vein or heart tissue. |
| Pulmonary vein isolation | · Allergic reaction to dye (if used). · Infection. · Injury to your heart, esophagus or vein. · Stroke. |
| Devices | · Device malfunction. · Infection. · Bleeding. · Collapsed lung. |
| Surgery | · Bleeding. · Infection. · Stroke. · Heart attack. · Need for a pacemaker. |
Homeopathic treatment for Arrhythmia
Cactus Grandiflorus
Difficulty of breathing; attacks of suffocation with fainting. Chronic bronchitis, with rattling of mucus. Chest pricking pain with oppressed respiration (pneumonia). Oppression of breathing in going upstairs. Periodical suffocation, with fainting, and sweat on face and loss of pulse. Haemoptysis, with convulsive cough. Sharp pains shooting from body to back and up into chest, with sensation of rush of blood to chest (rheumatism of diaphragm).
Cardiac pain with jerking body, frequently repeated. Pricking and stitches in the heart. Tachycardia, palpitation in small irregular beats (at times frequent, at others slow). Pains in apex of heart, shooting down left arm to ends of fingers; feeble pulse; dyspnoea.-Endocardial murmurs; excessive impulse; increased precordial dullness; enlarged ventricle. Oedema of left hand only. Aneurism. Atheromatous arteries.
Oedema of the feet. General weakness and prostration of strength. Haemorrhages: from nose; lungs; rectum; bladder; stomach.
Constriction of neck of bladder.-Irritation in urethra, as if pyuria. Urine passes by drops, micturition, urine of a straw colour. urine with sediments of red sand. Haematuria; urination prevented by clots.
Constipation; stool hard and black. Diarrhoea, watery, mucous, bilious (in forenoon). Sensation of great weight (in anus), and urging to evacuate a great quantity, but nothing passes. Copious haemorrhage with bowels. Rectal itching. Fluent haemorrhoids. Fissure and/or Fistula with violent tachycardia.
Crataegus oxyacantha
Cardiac dropsy. Fatty degeneration. Aortic disease. Extreme dyspnoea on least exertion, without much increase of pulse. Pain in region of heart and under left clavicle. Heart muscles seem flabby, worn out. Cough (cardia cough). First cardiac sound weak. Pulse accelerated, irregular, feeble, intermittent. Valvular murmurs. Cutaneous chilliness, cianosis; all these symptoms aggravated by exertion or excitement. Sustains heart in infectious diseases.
Excessive perspiration. Skin eruptions. Insomnia of aortic patients.
Glonoinum (Nitro-glycerine)
Tachycardia with heat in the face, accelerated pulse and pulsation of the carotid arteries, distinct pulsation over the whole body. In the heart sensation of fulness, heaviness, and heat, with laboured beating of the heart. Pulse accelerated; rises and falls alternately; low and feeble in sunstroke. Severe stitches from the heart, extending into the back. Purring cardiac sounds when lying.
Increased secretion of pale (albuminous) urine; nocturnal polyuria and must pass large quantities of albuminous urine. Tubal nephritis, with headache, brought on by walking in the sun; numbness in arms and hands alternating with intense tingling.
Diarrhoeic stools with rumbling, sharp burning and discharges of flatus, beginning in the morning and lasting all day. Diarrhoea; copious, loose, blackish, lumpy stools.
Constipation and haemorrhoids which itched and pained. At an unaccustomed time, a hard and unusual stool; pinching in abdomen before and after stools.
Fainting with consciousness. Great weakness and prostration. Unconscious falling down (low brain blood circulation). Painless throbbing in the whole body. Pulsations, tingling, thrills, and a peculiar sensation of warmth through the body, extending from above downward. Fingers are spread apart and stretched out. Seeming plethora, rapid deviations in distributions of blood.
Yawning with headache, congestion of blood to the head. Insomnia but is difficult to waken.
Pulse accelerated, irregular, intermitting, full and hard, small and rapid. Chill: after getting heated; alternates with sweat; with vomiting; head as if screwed up; intermittent fever. Heat especially in face, ascending from pit of stomach to head. Perspiration principally in the face, forehead, chest and after sleeping. Perspiration relieves the nausea.
Naja Tripudians
Angina pectoris. Endocarditis. Asthma. Dysmenia. Aortic valve stenosis. Hay-fever. Headache. Cardiac diseases. spasmodic esophagus, Ovaries affections. Plague. Spinal irritation (of nucha). Throat
infections (especially staphylococcus).
Uneasiness and dull, heavy pain in chest, pains are like hot iron rod. Lancinating pains feels better on deep inspiration. Asthmatic constriction of chest; cannot expand lungs; followed by mucous expectoration. Cannot cough for the stabbing. Tenderness over sternum and in throat. Feeling of depression and uneasiness about heart.
Fluttering and palpitation of heart. Loud audible beating. Pulse slow and irregular in rhythm and force; weak and thready, scarcely perceptible. Action only recognised by pushing hand up behind sternum, then felt only a faint thrill resembling the cardiac thrill felt in the same way on a newborn infant.
Pulse rapid; and full; 120, some beats tolerably full and strong, afterwards 32, irregular in rhythm and force, some of the beats full and bounding. Cutting and aching in nape. Rheumatic pains in neck and back. Pain between the shoulders.
Creeping, itching, and tingling sensation on the skin. Skin swelled, mottled, and of dark purple/cyanotic, livid colour. Large pimples on inflamed base. Small white blisters on inflamed base, with much itching. Gangrene. Boil-like swelling. Painful chilblains on feet.
Pimple: on upper lip; on left ala nasi; on inflamed base, on tip of nose, nose sore in consequence; painful on brow. White itching blisters on inflamed base, on neck and body.
Body cold and collapsed. Extremities very cold; icy coldness. Burning heat in face. Free perspiration. Heat but refuses water; heat with prostration; with discomfort, dry lips, and tender, hot mouth. Head hot; and full of blood. Burning of ear. Flushes of heat in face at different times of day; flushes in face, hands, palms sweating, general sweating.
Sudden urging to stool. Bilious diarrhoea. Constipation. Feeling of a large stool which when voided was small bilious (slimy, white or green). Heat in anal region with itching smarting.
Uneasiness and pressure in bladder. Urine deposits red sediment, mixed with mucus. Urine of deep straw colour.
Digitalis
Clinical: Amaurosis. Angina pectoris. Aortic valve stenosis. Asthma. Bright’s disease. Cyanosis. Delirium tremens. Dropsy. Fever. Gonorrhoea. Headache. Heart, affections of. Hydrocele.
Hydrocephalus. Impotence. Jaundice. Lungs, congestion of. Memory lost. Meningitis. Noises in head. Paraphimosis. Prostate, enlarged. Ptyalism. Spermatorrhoea. Toothache. Urinary disorders. Vision, disorders of.
Hoarseness (in the morning after a night sweat). Hollow, spasmodic cough, from roughness and scraping in the throat. Smarting in the chest on coughing. Cough worse at midnight and during the morning hours. The cough is caused by talking, walking, drinking anything cold; when bending the body forward. Troublesome choking sensation with cough.
Sensation of soreness in the chest. Respiration painfully restricted, especially at night, when lying down, or in the day, when walking, or seated. In the morning, suffocating constriction of the chest, forcing the patient to rise up in the bed. Asthmatic sufferings as from hydrothorax. Pressure on the chest from keeping the body bent. Tension in the chest, with necessity to breathe deeply. Contractive pain in the chest, when sitting with the body bent. Smarting in the chest. Sensation of weakness in the chest, proceeding from the stomach. Congestion in the chest. Shuddering at the mammae.
Tachycardia with palpitations that can be heard (with slow pulse), anguish, and contraction in the sternum. On rising up in bed pulse becomes much more frequent and irregular and intermittent, confusion of heart, sudden sensation as though heart stood still, with great anxiety and necessity for holding breath, after dinner; must keep perfectly still. Aortic valve stenosis.
Peculiar sensation as though heart standing still; single, violent, slow heart-beats, with sudden violent heat in occiput, and transient unconsciousness (the whole lasting only a moment). Shifting pains in heart. Oppression, must breathe deeper. Heart’s action has lost its force; beats more frequent, intermittent, irregular.-Palpitation easily excited on going up slight ascent. Heart seems to dilate slowly; palpitation at each movement of body; slight uneasiness at heart, cold sweats. Constant pain or anguish at heart, with palpitation accompanied by sinking sensation, face purple; fainting, believes he/she is dying; dizziness ringing in ears; sharp pain in left shoulder and left arm, tingling in arm and fingers; paroxysms come sometimes at night, with suffocation, wakes up in anguish; terrifying dreams.
Heart so weak that even sitting up in bed has caused fatal syncope. Attacks of angina brought on by any slight careless movement, especially of arms in an upward direction; inexpressible anxiety with fainting; for a moment heart seems to stand still, and then several rapid and violent pulsations occur, with sensation as if heart had torn itself loose and were swaying to and fro by a thin thread.
Rauwolfia
Rauwolfia or ‘”Choti Chandan or Sarpagandha”, alkaloids work by controlling nerve impulses along certain nerve pathways. As a result, they act on the heart and blood vessels to lower blood pressure.
Rauwolfia q due to its sedative action helps reduce high blood pressure including insanity-produced irritation of the central nervous system and alleviates its associated symptoms such as irregular beats, increased emotional excitability, and mild depression. Rauwolfia serpentina q is also used as a laxative, diuretic, and, antidote to snake venom and helps during delivery to stimulate the uterine contractions and promote the expulsion of the fetus. It also helps to be used in the treatment of a person with some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that impairs daily functioning.
Kalmia latifolia
Clinical. Angina pectoris. Blindness. Bright’s disease. Dropsy. Dysmenorrhoea. Gastralgia. Globus hystericus. Gout. Headache. Endocarditis, Cardiac diseases. Herpes zoster; neuralgia after. Keratitis.
Leucorrhoea. Locomotor ataxia. Lumbago. Neuralgia. Paraplegia. Ptosis. Pregnancy, albuminuria of. Retinitis albuminuria. Rheumatism. Rumination. Scleroderma. Scleritis. Somnambulism. Sun-headaches/Heat stroke. Syphilitic sore throat. Tinnitus. Tobacco eaters/smokers. Vertigo. Vomiting.
Difficult and oppressed breathing; throat feels swollen, nausea. Oppressed breathing with palpitation, anxiety; with pain (angina pectoris).
Feverish heat with great pain in chest; Pain in chest as from a sprain.-Shooting through chest above heart into shoulder-blade to left hand. Rheumatism of muscles of thorax and back.
Fluttering of heart. Tachycardia with anxiety, suppressed breathing; with faint feeling; with dyspnoea, pain in limbs. Severe pain in cardiac region, slow, small pulse (hypertrophy, dilatation, aortic obstruction). Paroxysms of anguish about heart, dyspnoea, febrile excitement; rheumatic endocarditis, with consequent hypertrophy and valvular disease. Wandering rheumatic pains in region of heart, Quickened but weak pulse. Pulse: slow, weak; arms feel weak; scarcely perceptible, limbs cold.
Muscles of neck sore to touch and on moving them. Constant pain in spine. Feeling of paralysis in sacrum. Aching in all joints.
Rheumatism often attacks heart, and generally goes from upper to lower parts; pains shift suddenly. Weariness in all muscles; shuns all exertion, can hardly go upstairs. Weary and giddy, with diarrhoea. Weakness the only general symptom with neuralgia. Trembling, thrilling, strumming, with palpitation.
Sensation of rigidity of skin. Pricking sensation in skin, with moderate sweat. Dry skin. Erysipelatous inflamed eruption with oppressed breathing.
Febrile excitement. General heat; with burning and pain in back and loins. Cold sweat.
Stool like mush, easily discharged, as if glazed, followed by pressure on rectum. Diarrhoea, with dullness, dizziness, weariness, nausea, and colics.
Frequent micturition of large quantities of yellow urine. Albuminuria: with pains in lower limbs; with dropsy, casts, triple phosphates, sallow complexion, skin very dry.
Arsenicum Album
Shortness of breath, difficulty of respiration, choking, dyspnoea, and attack of suffocation, endocarditis, sometimes with cold sweat, spasmodic constriction of the chest or of the larynx, anguish, great weakness, body cold, pain in the pit of the stomach, and paroxysm of cough.
The sufferings occur chiefly in the evening in bed, or at night, when lying down; also in windy weather, in the fresh and cold air, or in the heat of a room, or when warmly clothed, on being fatigued, on being angry, on walking, on moving, and even on laughing.
Respiration anxious, stertorous, and wheezing. Oppression of the chest on coughing, on walking, and on going upstairs. Constriction and compression of the chest, sometimes with great anxiety, inability to speak, and fainting fits. Tension and pressure in the chest. Stitches and pressing in the sternum. Shooting pains in the chest and in the sternum. Chilliness or coldness in the chest. Shivering, or great heat and burning in the chest. Heat, burning, itching in the chest. Yellowish spots on the chest.
Violent and insupportable throbbings of the heart, chiefly when lying on the back. Irregular beatings (bradycardia) sometimes with anguish and cramps. Palpitation and trembling weakness after stool; must lie down. Palpitation after suppressed herpes or foot-sweat. Angina pectoris. Hydropericardium. Fatty degeneration.
Oedematous, painless swellings of the neck and of the lower jaw. Tetters between the shoulder blades. Violent and burning pain in the back, powerfully aggravated by the touch.
Fever with great weakness, dropsical affections, pains in the regions of the liver and of the spleen. Frequent colliquative, or cold and viscid sweats; sweat at night, or in the evening on going to sleep, or in the morning on waking; partial sweat, chiefly on the face and legs. Perspiration cold, clammy, smelling sour or offensive.
Constipation, with frequent, but ineffectual inclination to evacuate. Tenesmus, with burning in the anus. Involuntary and unperceived evacuations. Violent diarrhoea with frequent evacuations, nausea, vomiting, thirst, great weakness, colic, and tenesmus. Nocturnal diarrhoea. Burning and corrosive evacuations; faeces with mucus, or bilious, sanguineous, serous, painless, involuntary – of greenish, yellowish, whitish colour (bilious), or brownish and blackish (liver and/or spleen); fetid and putrid evacuations; evacuations of undigested substances (liver). Prolapsus of the rectum: with much pain. Itching, pain as from excoriation, and burning in the rectum and in the anus, as well as in the haemorrhoidal tumours, chiefly at night. Shootings in the haemorrhoidal tumours.
Retention of urine. Frequent inclination, nocturnal polyuria with abundant emission. Incontinence of urine which escapes almost involuntarily, even at night, in bed. Difficult and painful emission of urine. Scanty urine, of a deep yellow colour. Urine aqueous, greenish, brownish, or turbid, with mucus-like sediment. Sanguineous urine.
Aconitum Napellus
Clinical: Blindness. Chill. Convulsions. Deafness. Dyspnoea. Ears noises (tinnitus). Hemicrania. Hydrophobia. Landry’s paralysis. Liver enlargement. Neuralgia. Esophagus spasms. General Spasms. Spleen enlargement. Tetanus. Tongue affections. Trismus. Vomiting.
Short breathing, chiefly during sleep, and on getting up. Breathing painful, anxious, and attended with groans, rapid and superficial, or full, noisy, and with the mouth open. Breathing slow during sleep. Breath hot. Breath fetid. Constriction and anxious oppression of the chest, with difficulty of breathing.
Asthma of Millar. Attack of suffocation, with anxiety. Sensation of heaviness and of compression at the chest. Painful pricking in the chest, chiefly when breathing, coughing, and moving (even the arms). Stitches through the chest and side, esp. when breathing and coughing. Prickings in the side, with a lachrymose and plaintive humour, soothed, in some degree, by lying on the back. Pleurisy and pneumonia, especially with great heat, much thirst, dry cough and great nervous excitability, only somewhat relieved when lying on the back. Itching in the chest. Pains as of a bruise in the sternum and in the sides. Sensation of anguish in the chest, which interrupts respiration.
Palpitation of the heart, with great anxiety, heat of body, chiefly in the face, and great weariness in the limbs. Shootings in the region of the heart when moving or going upstairs. Sensation of compression and blows in the region of the heart. Inflammation of the heart. Chronic diseases of the heart, with continuous pressure in the left side of the chest, oppressed breathing when moving fast and ascending steps, stitches in the region of the heart, congestions to the head; attacks of fainting and tingling in the fingers. Fainting with tingling. Pulse full, strong, hard; slow, feeble; threadlike with anxiety; quick, hard, small.
Neck and Back. Weakness and pain, as from a bruise in the nape of the neck. Pain, as if from a bruise, in the back and loins. Painful stiffness in the nape of the neck, the loins, and the hip joints, tingling, and of pricking in the back.
Suppression of urine, with pressure in the bladder and pains in the loins. A frequent desire to discharge urine. Flow of urine, with sweat, diarrhoea, and colic. Involuntary urination (relaxed neck of the bladder). Enuresis, with thirst. Urine scanty, burning, deep red, and with a sediment of a brick colour (arising from taking cold, especially in children); suppression from cold. Bloody sediment in the urine. Scanty, red, hot. Heat and tenesmus in the neck of the bladder.
Adonis Vernalis
A heart medicine, after rheumatism or influenza, or Bright’s disease, where the muscles of the heart are in stage of fatty degeneration, regulating the pulse and increasing the power of contractions of heart, with increased urinary secretions. Aortic valve stenosis. Most valuable in cardiac dropsy. Low vitality, with weak heart and slow, weak pulse. Hydrothorax, ascites. Anasarca.
Head: Feels light; aches across front, from occiput around temples to eyes. Vertigo on rising, turning head quickly or lying down. Tinnitus. Scalp feels tight. Eyes dilated.
Mouth: Slimy. Tongue dirty yellow, sore, feels scalded.
Heart: Mitral and aortic regurgitation. Chronic aortitis, Fatty heart pericarditis. Rheumatic Endocarditis. Precordial pain, palpitation, and dyspnoea. Marked venous engorgement. Cardiac asthma. Fatty heart. Myocarditis, irregular cardiac action, constriction and vertigo. Pulse rapid, irregular.
Aspidosperma Quebracho
Clinical: Asthma, Cardiac asthma. Fever.
Characteristics. Quebracho is a Brazilian fever remedy from which the alkaloid Astido spermine has been isolated. Hale says Queb. produces in animals respiratory paralysis, slowed heart, and paralysis of extremities. It relieves dyspnoea in phthisis and pleurisy, but without influencing the fever.
The 1x relieved asthma with livid face; and dyspnoea with cyanosis is frequently relieved by it.
Hale gives these cases as relieved by it:
1) Mitral incompetence and stenosis with severe nocturnal dyspnoea. Aortic valve stenosis.
2) Fatty heart (Queb. had no influence on the oedema, which was removed by Dig.). Jos. P. Cobb (quoted A. H., xxvii. 74) records a case of heart affection of some duration in a man, 24. There was some enlargement, especially of right side, much dyspnoea, and a slight mitral murmur.
Following this were signs of emphysema and severe attacks of asthma. Râles were heard, and “pearls” of rounded gelatinous masses were expectorated. Aspidospermine 3x gave more relief than any other remedy.
Terminalia Arjuna
Cardiac asthma and bronchodilator. Aortic valve stenosis. An astringent, demulcent, expectorant, cardiotonic, styptic, antidysenteric, urinary astringent, and has shown to be useful in fracture, ulcers, leukorrhea, diabetes, anemia, cardiomyopathy, endocarditis and cirrhosis. This homeopathic mother tincture can be used for improving cardiovascular health and it strengthens cardiac muscles and prevents any serious illness affecting it, anginal pain, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and dyslipidemia,
Helps in improving energy levels and reduces fatigue, reduces risk factors and has fewer side effects. Terminalia Arjuna is useful in both organic and functional diseases of the heart.
In fractures, pain all over the body owing to a fall and all sorts of ecchymosis.
Arjuna is also efficacious in spermatorrhoea and gonorrhea.
Spigelia
Clinical: Adenoids. Amaurosis. Angina pectoris. Mitral valve stenosis. Ciliary neuralgia. Cold. Constipation. Depression of spirits. Diaphragm, stitches in. Exophthalmic goiter. Eyes pains. Gastric catarrh. Glaucoma. Headache. Cardiac diseases, Endocarditis. Hernia, inguinal. Iritis. Jaw-joint, pain in. Neuralgia. Otalgia. Post-nasal catarrh. Prostatorrhoea. Pterygium. Rectum cancer. Rheumatism. Scarlatina. Sigmoid flexure cancer. Stammering. Strabismus. Tinnitus. Tobacco habit. Toothache. Worms.
Catarrh, with hoarseness, continual discharge of mucus from nose, dry heat without thirst, prominent eyes, distressing headache, and disposition to weep. Nocturnal catarrh, with cough. Cough in open air, with pain in chest as from excoriation. Dry cough, violent and hollow, caused by irritation low down in trachea, with respiration obstructed, even to suffocation. Short, dry cough causing soreness of chest. Shortness of breath with anxiety and redness of cheeks and lips. Dyspnoea when moving in bed; can only lie on right side or with the head very high. Danger of suffocation on least movement.
Contraction of chest, with anguish and obstructed respiration. Stitches in diaphragm with dyspnoea. Cardiac regurgitation. Pressure, burning or incisive sensation pain. Sensation of trembling in thorax. Spasmodic sensation in chest, proceeding from pit of stomach and causing choking.
Sensation in heart as if squeezed with hand or as if crushed. Lancinations in region of heart. Stitches in heart sometimes synchronous with the pulse. Sensation of cardiac trembling.
Heart beat do not correspond with those of the pulse. Pulse weak, irregular, trembling. Visible pulsation of heart. Violent, oppressive action of heart extending to top of head. Tumultuous action of heart in acute rheumatism and other acute disorders.
Needle-like stitches in upper dorsal vertebrae and in right scapula. Sensation in l. scapula as though blood were dripping through a valve, a kind of bubbling, pain in parotid gland.
Skin pale, wrinkled. Painful sensibility. Painful glandular swellings. Red pimples, with pain, as from excoriation, when touched.
Heat in face and on hands, with chill in back. At night putrid perspiration with heat at same time. Clammy perspiration. Cold perspiration.
Frequent, urgent, and ineffectual want to tool which is soft and liquid, White stools daily. Nodular stool with violent pressure. Faints during stool. Hard, difficult evacuations, with much mucus. Discharge (of large lumps) of mucus from anus, without evacuation. Discharge of faeces with worms (Ejection of lumbrici and ascarides). Itching and sensation as if something were creeping in rectum and anus. Boring stitches in perineum.
Urine, with whitish sediment. Polyuria with profuse emission, even at night. Sudden and involuntary dribbling of urine, with burning sensation in anterior part of urethra. Discharge of prostatic fluid from the urethra.
Veratrum viride
Clinical: Amaurosis. Amenorrhoea. Aortic valve stenosis. Mitral valve stenosis. Apoplexy. Asthma. Bunions. Inflammation of caecum. Chilblains. Chorea. Congestion. Convulsions. Endocarditis. Diplopia. Diaphragmitis. Dysmenorrhoea. Erysipelas. Headache, nervous; sick. Heart, affections of. Hiccough. Hyperpyrexia. Influenza. Malarial fever. Measles. Meningitis. Menses, suppressed. Myalgia. Esophagus spasm. Orchitis. Pneumonia. Proctalgia. Puerperal convulsions. Puerperal mania. Sleep dreamful. Spine, congestion. Spleen congested. Sunstroke. Typhoid fever. Uterus congestion.
Congestion of chest with rapid respiration, nausea, vomiting; dull burning in region of heart. Pneumonia and pleurisy: pulse hard, strong, quick, or slow and intermittent; lungs engorged; faint feeling in stomach; high fever, face flushed.
Palpitation and dyspnoea. Violent palpitation of heart and faint feeling. Faintness and biliousness; when rising from lying; from sudden motion; lying quietly. Pulse: slow, soft and weak; irregular, intermittent; suddenly increases and gradually decreases below normal.
Aching in neck and shoulder, almost impossible to hold head up.
Pallor with syncope. Tremor. Spasm with violent shrieks; opisthotonos; face dark blue; breath suspended; lasting two minutes and recurring after few minutes’ interval. Convulsions. Chorea, movements continuing in sleep. Haemorrhage from various organs.
Body cold but moist skin. Profuse diaphoresis and sense of utter prostration. Bathed in cold sweat. Cold, clammy sweat on forehead. Irritative fever with cerebral congestion.-Streptococcus fever; rapid and violent alternations of temperature.-Ephemeral fevers with nausea and retching.-Cerebro-spinal fever.-Typhoid.-Yellow fever.
Crawling in anus. Tenesmus and diarrhoea, copious and offensive stool, with burning of anus and pale face; tenesmus and burning before and up to stool, not during and after. Sudden excessive tenesmus. Stools: copious, light, mornings; mushy, with tenesmus and burning; bloody (black in typhoid); doughy, stringy, hard to expel; alternately soft and hard every two hours.
Smarting in urethra on urinating. Urine: scanty; very clear; turbid, with reddish sediment, and scum. Haemorrhage in fungus haematodes vesicae.
Amylenum Nitrosum
On inhaling this drug, it rapidly dilates all arterioles an capillaries, producing flushings of face, heat, and throbbing in the head: Superficial arterial hyperaemia. Palpitation of the heart and similar conditions are readily cured by it, especially the flushings and other discomforts at climacteric. Hiccough and yawning. Often relieves temporarily epileptic convulsions. Seasickness.
Head: Anxiety, as if something might happen; must have fresh air. Surging of blood to head and face; sensation as if blood would start through skin, with heat and redness. Flushings, followed by sweat at climacteric. Ears hyperaemic. Throbbing.
Chest: Dyspnoea and asthmatic feelings. Aortic valve stenosis. Great oppression and fullness of chest; spasmodic, suffocative cough. Praecordial anxiety. Tumultuous action of heart. Pain and constriction around heart. Fluttering at slightest excitement.
Sometimes followed by cold and clammy skin and profuse sweat. Throbbing throughout whole body. Abnormal sweat after influenza.
Extremities: Constant stretching for hours. Veins of hands dilated; pulsations felt in tips of fingers.
Calcarea Carbonica
Raised blood coagulability (Strontium). Is a definite stimulant to the periosteum. Palpitation at night and after eating. Aortic valve stenosis. Palpitation with feeling of coldness, with restless oppression of chest; after suppressed eruption. Pain as if sprained; can scarcely rise; from over lifting. Pain between shoulder-blades, impeding breathing. Rheumatism in lumbar region; weakness in small of back. Curvature of dorsal vertebrae. Nape of neck stiff and rigid. Renal colic. Swelling of joints, especially knee. Burning of soles of feet. Sweat of hands. Arthritic nodosities. Soles of feet raw. Feet feel cold and dead at night.
Aurum metallicum
Clinical: Alcohol’s effects. Amenorrhoea. Angina pectoris. Mitral valve stenosis. Asthma. Aortic valve stenosis. Bone affections. Breath offensive. Corpulency. Depression. Ears affections. Erethism. Erysipelas. Eye affections. Fevers. Gonorrhoea. Haemorrhages. Haemorrhoids. Hemiopia. Hydrocele. Jaundice. Leucorrhoea. Locomotor ataxy. Melancholy. Melanosis. Mercurial poisoning. Nasopharyngeal catarrh. Night terrors. Ozoena. Paralysis. Phthisis. Pining boys. Scrofula. Smell disordered. Syphilis. Testicles affections, undeveloped testes. Nodular tongue. Tumours. Uterus induration. Vertigo. Vision disordered.
Burning heat and cutting pain in right hypochondrium. Accumulation of mucus in the trachea and in the chest, which is expectorated with difficulty in the morning. Voice nasal. Cough from want of breath at night. Morning cough with tough yellow sputum.
Great difficulty of respiration at night, and on walking in the open air, requiring deep inspirations. Paroxysms of suffocation with constrictive oppression of the chest, falling, loss of sense, and facial cyanosis. Pain as if there were a plug placed under the ribs. Continuous aching in left side of the chest. Incisive pain, and obtuse shootings, near the sternum. Great weight on chest; especially on sternum. Much congestion in the chest.
Anxious palpitation of the heart, from congestion to the chest. Bradycardia sometimes by fits, sometimes with anguish and oppression of the chest. Cardiac pain extending down left arm to fingers. Floundering heart. When walking, the heart seems to shake as if it were loose. Sensation as if the heart stood still. Palpitation compels him to stop.
Neck and Back. Swollen cervical glands. Tension in neck as if muscles too short, even at rest better when stooping. Stinging pains in small of back. Gressus gallinaceus (in spine disease). Pain at lower part of spine. Pains, generally passive, or drawing and acute, in the back, chiefly in the morning, and sometimes so violent as to prevent any motion of the limbs.
Stool Copious. Nocturnal diarrhoea. Nightly diarrhoea, with burning in the rectum. Constipation; stool very large in size, very hard and knotty.
Painful retention of urine, with urgent inclination, pressure on the bladder. Polyuria. Urine turbid like butter-milk, urine with thick mucus-like sediment.
Pulse small but accelerated. Febrile shiverings over the whole body, while in bed in the evening, followed neither by heat nor thirst. Body coldness with bluish colour of the nails (capillary blood circulation), nauseous taste with inclination to vomit. Heat of the face, with cold in upper and lower extremities. Copious general morning perspiration; mostly about genitals.
Painful urine retention, with urgent inclination and pressure on the bladder. watery (transparent) polyuria.
Baryta Carb
Dry, suffocative cough, especially in old people, full of mucus but lacking strength to expectorate, worse every change of weather. Larynx feels as if smoke were inhaled. Chronic aphonia. Stitches in chest; worse inspiration. Lungs feel full smoke.
Heart: Palpitation and distress in region of heart. Aneurysm. Aortic valve stenosis. Mitral valve stenosis Accelerates the heart’s action at first, blood pressure much increased, contraction of blood vessels. Palpitation when lying on left side, when thinking of it especially; pulse full and hard. Cardiac symptoms after suppressed foot-sweat.
Back: Swollen glands in nape of occiput. Fatty tumors about neck. Bruised pain between scapula. Stiffness in sacrum. Weakness of spine.
Extremities: Pain in axillary glands. Cold, clammy feet. Fetid foot-sweats. Numbness of limbs. Numb feeling from knees to scrotum; disappears when sitting down. Toes and soles sore; soles painful when walking. Pain in joints; burning pains in lower limbs.
Rhus Toxicodendron
Tickling behind upper sternum. Dry, teasing cough from midnight until morning, during a chill, or when putting hands out of bed. Haemoptysis from overexertion; blood bright red. Influenza, with aching in all bones (Eup perf). Hoarseness from overtraining voice. Oppression of the chest, cannot get breath with sticking pains. Bronchial coughs in old people, worse on awaking’s and with expectoration of small plugs of mucus.
Heart: Hypertrophy from overexertion. Pulse quick, weak, irregular, intermittent, with numbness of left arm. Trembling and palpitation when sitting still. Aortic valve stenosis.
Back: Pain between shoulders on swallowing. Pain and stiffness in small of back; better, motion, or lying on something hard; worse, while sitting. Stiffness of the nape of the neck.
Kalium Carbonicum
Cutting pain in chest; worse lying on right side. Hoarseness and loss of voice. Dry, hard cough about 3 am, with stitching pains and dryness of pharynx. Bronchitis, whole chest is very sensitive. Expectoration scanty and tenacious, but increasing in morning and after eating; aggravated right lower chest and lying on painful side. Hydrothorax. Leaning forward relieves chest symptoms. Expectoration must be swallowed; cheesy taste; copious, offensive, lump. Coldness of chest. Wheezing. Cough with relaxed uvula. Tendency to tuberculosis; constant cold taking; better in warm climate.
Heart: Sensation as if heart were suspended. Aortic valve stenosis. Palpitation and burning in heart region. Weak, rapid pulse; intermits, due to digestive disturbance. Threatened heart failure.
Back: Great exhaustion. Stitches in region of kidneys and right scapula. Small of back feels weak. Stiffness and paralytic feeling in back. Burning in spine. Severe backache during pregnancy, and after miscarriage. Hip-disease. Pain in nates and thighs and hip-joint. Lumbago with sudden sharp pains extending up and down back and to thighs.
Lachesis
Upper part of windpipe very susceptible to touch. Sensation of suffocation and strangulation on lying down, particularly when anything is around throat; compels patient to spring from bed and rush for open window. Spasm of glottis; feels as if something ran from neck to larynx. Feels he must take a deep breath. Cramp-like distress in praecordial region. Cough; dry, suffocative fits, tickling. Little secretion and much sensitiveness; worse, pressure on larynx, after sleep, open air. Breathing almost stops on falling asleep. Larynx painful to touch. Sensation as of a plug which moves up and down, with a short cough.
Heart: Palpitation, with fainting spells, especially during climacteric. Constricted feeling causing palpitation, with anxiety. Cyanosis. Irregular beats. Aortic valve stenosis.
Strophanthus Hispidus
Strophanthus is a muscle poison; it increases the contractile power of all striped muscles. Acts on the
heart; increasing the systole and diminishes the rapidity. Aortic valve stenosis.
Dyspnoea, especially on ascending. Lungs congested. edema of lungs. Bronchial and cardiac asthma.
Heart: Pulse quickened. Heart’s action weak, rapid irregular, due to muscular debility; and insufficiency. Cardiac pain.
Apocynum Cannabinum
Short, dry cough. Respiratory short and unsatisfactory. Sighing. Oppression about epigastrium and chest.
Heart: Aortic valve stenosis. Tricuspid regurgitation; rapid and feeble, irregular cardiac action, low arterial tension, pulsating jugulars, general cyanosis and general dropsy.
Increases secretions of mucous and serous membranes and acts on cellular tissue, producing oedema and dropsy and on skin causing diaphoresis. Acute hydrocephalus. A diminished frequency of the pulse is a prime indication. This is one of our most efficient remedies, in dropsies, ascites, anasarca and hydrothorax, and urinary troubles, especially suppression and strangury. In the digestive complaints of Bright’s disease, with the nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, difficult breathing, it will be found of frequent service. The dropsy is characterized by great thirst and gastric irritability. Arrhythmia. Mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. Acute alcoholism. Relaxation of sphincters.
Apis Melifistida
Hydrothorax. Sensation of soreness in the chest. Oppression of the chest, shortness of breath, dull aching pain in the left side of the chest near the middle of the sternum. Expectoration of copious transparent, frothy, bloody mucus.
Sudden pain just below the heart, soon extending toward right chest, with suffocation. Very feeble action of the heart; violent beats, shaking the whole body; intermittent beats. Region of heart sensitive to least pressure; rasping sounds of systole and diastole unmistakably audible. Palpitation of heart from scanty secretion of urine, perfectly cured by establishing the natural quantity.
Pulse: almost imperceptible at wrist; accelerated and full; very frequent and hard; wiry; irregular and slow pulse; intermittent.
Laurocerasus
Clinical: Apoplexy, threatened. Asphyxia, neonatorum. Asthma. Cholera. Cholera infantum. Chorea. Climacteric sufferings. Convulsions. Cough. Cramps. Cyanosis. Diarrhoea. Dysmenorrhoea. Epilepsy. Heart affections. Liver affections. Metrorrhagia. Palpitation. Pneumonia, typhoid. Tetanus. Tumours. Whooping cough. Anaemic
Hoarseness, roughness, and scraping in throat and pharynx. Deep bass voice. Spasmodic constriction of the trachea. Little short cough, excited by a tickling and scraping in throat. Abundant gelatinous expectoration, with small specks of blood.
Slow, weak, anxious respiration. Rattling, stertorous respiration. Obstruction to respiration in region of stomach. Pressure on chest. Constriction of chest, with oppression. Burning and stitches in chest. In pulmonic affections, where the patient coughs and spits a great amount of phlegm, which is sprinkled over and through with distinct dots of blood; the dots may be close together, or considerably scattered (frequently seen following typhoid pneumonia).
Pains in region of heart. Slow and irregular beating of heart. The patient puts his hand to his heart, as if there was some trouble there; this may result from running a short distance, which puts him/her completely out of breath; going upstairs, walking, any exercise may bring this on.
Lithium Carbonicum.
Clinical: Albuminuria. Aneurysm. Angina Pectoris. Barber’s itch. Bubo. Dyspepsia. Eyes affections. Gallstones. Gastralgia. Glands swelling. Gout. Headaches. Heart, affections of Hemiopia. Hernia. Menstruation disorders. Nose affections. Obesity. Ossification of arteries. Prostatitis. Retina’s anaemia. Rheumatism. Spleen affections. Syphilis. Urethritis. Urinary disorders.
On inspiration air feels cold even into lungs. Violent cough in evening, while lying down, compelling to rise, without expectoration; the irritation to cough is in a little spot, posteriorly and inferiorly in throat.
Pressure in middle of chest. Constriction of chest when walking (after breakfast), followed by expectoration of much mucus, seemingly from middle of sternum.
Rheumatic soreness in region of heart. Violent pain in region of heart as he/she bent over bed, morning on rising. Sudden shock in heart. Throbbing; like a dull stitch in region of heart. Pains in heart after pains in bladder. Pains in heart before and at time of commencement of menses. Trembling and fluttering of heart (after mental agitation of a vexatious character). Pains in heart before and at time of urinating. Pressure in region of heart on rising to urinate.
Spongia Tosta.
Clinical: Aneurysm. Angina pectoris. Asthma. Catalepsy. Chin affections. Clumsiness. Constipation. Cough. Croup. Diplopia. Exophthalmos. Fainting. Goetre; exophthalmic. Heart hypertrophy. Hernia. Jaw-joint, pain in. Laryngismus. Laryngitis. Myopia. Rheumatic fever. Rheumatism. Testicles inflammation. Tuberculosis. Varicosis. Whooping cough. Worms.
Respiration, quick, anxious, and difficult, sometimes with fits of suffocation, and mucous rattling in chest. Short, panting respiration. Awakens from sleep with suffocative sensation. Fixed, lancinating, and pressive pain in region of branchia. Spasmodic, constrictive pains in whole chest (and larynx). Dyspnoea. Burning sensation, which ascends into chest. Ebullition of blood (congestions) in chest after slightest effort and least movement, with obstructed respiration, anguish, nausea, and weakness, which induces syncope.
Pains and anxiety in region of heart. Constricting, stinging, pressing pain in cardiac region. Tachycardia (before menstruation), with suffocation, violent gasping respiration, pain in heart. Rheumatic affections of valves of heart (fibrous deposit on valves). Violent palpitation of heart, beats rapid (each beat was accompanied by a loud blowing as of a bellows), awakens him after midnight, with a sense of suffocation, loud cough, great alarm, agitation, anxiety, and difficult respiration. Pulse full, hard, and frequent.
Zincum Metallicum
Clinical: Alcoholism. Amblyopia. Asthma. Brain fag. Brain paralysis. Breasts affections. Cataract. Chilblains. Chin, eruption on. Chlorosis. Cholera. Chorea. Constipation. Cracks. Dentition. Diarrhoea, nervous; with stupor. Diphtheria. Dysentery. Dysuria. Earache. Eczema. Enuresis. Eruptions; suppressed. Eyes affections; granular lids. Fag. Foot-sweat; suppressed. Gastralgia. Headache; nervous; chlorotic. Heels, pains in. Hernia, inguinal. Hiccough. Hydrocephalus. Hyperpyrexia, nervous. Hypochondriasis. Hysteria. Inframammary pain. Joints, creaking in. Ups affections. Lochia; suppressed. Malar bones, neuralgia in. Masturbation. Memory, weak. Meningitis. Mental weakness. Milk, defective; suppressed. Neuralgia; intercostal; subcostal. Neurasthenia. Nipples, sore. Nose, redness of. Nymphomania. Esophagus spasm. Otorrhoea. Photopsia. Prostatorrhoea. Ptosis. Reaction, defective. Rheumatism. Screaming. Sleepiness. Somnambulism. Spermatorrhoea. Spinal irritation. Spine affections. Spleen neuralgia. Strabismus. Suppressions. Tarsal tumours. Throat, sore. Tibial burning. Typhoid fever. Ulcers. Urine, hysterical retention of. Varicosis; during pregnancy; of external genitals. Whooping cough. Worms.
Difficult respiration and oppression, with pressive pain in the chest. Constrictive sensation around the chest, with pain in the chest. Spasmodic dyspnoea. Shortness of breath, caused by flatulence after a meal. Mucus. Cardiac palpitation. Burning sensation in chest. Pain beneath costal arches.
Tachycardia with or without anguish. Irregular movements of heart. Shocks in heart and intermittent palpitation, with suffocation. Tension and stitches in the praecordial region. Sudden, spasmodic, bursting sensation about heart. Violent pulsations in blood vessels during heat. Rapid pulse.
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