A Kidney Stones Nephrolithiasis is a hard, crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract. Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine (hematuria) and often severe pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Kidney stones are sometimes called renal calculi.
Thank you for reading this post, don't forget to subscribe!The condition of having kidney stones is termed nephrolithiasis. Having stones at any location in the urinary tract is referred to as urolithiasis, and the term ureterolithiasis is used to refer to stones located in the ureters.
Who is at risk for kidney stones Nephrolithiasis?
Anyone may develop a kidney stone, but people with certain diseases and conditions (see below) or those who are taking certain medications are more susceptible to their development. Urinary tract stones are more common in men than in women. Most urinary stones develop in people 20 to 49 years of age, and those who are prone to multiple attacks of kidney stones usually develop their first stones during the second or third decade of life. People who have already had more than one kidney stone are prone to developing further stones.
In residents of industrialized countries, kidney stones are more common than stones in the bladder. The opposite is true for residents of developing areas of the world, where bladder stones are the most common. This difference is believed to be related to dietary factors. People who live in the southern or southwestern regions of the U.S. have a higher rate of kidney stone formation, possibly due to inadequate water intake leading to dehydration than those living in other areas. Over the last few decades, the percentage of people with kidney stones in the U.S. has been increasing, most likely related to the obesity epidemic.
A family history of kidney stones is also a risk factor for developing kidney stones. Kidney stones are more common in Asians and Caucasians than in Native Americans, Africans, or African Americans.
Uric acid kidney stones are more common in people with chronically elevated uric acid levels in their blood (hyperuricemia).
A small number of pregnant women develop kidney stones, and there is some evidence that pregnancy-related changes may increase the risk of stone formation. Factors that may contribute to the stone formation during pregnancy include a slowing of the passage of urine due to increased progesterone levels and diminished fluid intake due to a decreasing bladder capacity from the enlarging uterus. Healthy pregnant women also have a mild increase in their urinary calcium excretion. However, it remains unclear whether the changes of pregnancy are directly responsible for kidney stone formation or if these women have another underlying factor that predisposes them to kidney stone formation.
What causes kidney stones Nephrolithiasis?
Kidney stones form when there is a decrease in urine volume and/or an excess of stone-forming substances in the urine.
- The most common type of kidney stone contains calcium in combination with either oxalate or phosphate.
- A majority of kidney stones are calcium stones.
- Other chemical compounds that can form stones in the urinary tract include uric acid, magnesium ammonium phosphate (which forms struvite stones; see below), and the amino acid cysteine.
Dehydration from the reduced fluid intake or strenuous exercise without adequate fluid replacement increases the risk of kidney stones. Obstruction of the flow of urine can also lead to stone formation. In this regard, climate may be a risk factor for kidney stone development, since residents of hot and dry areas are more likely to become dehydrated and susceptible to stone formation.
Kidney stones can also result from infection in the urinary tract. These are known as struvite or infection stones. Metabolic abnormalities, including inherited disorders of metabolism, can alter the composition of the urine and increase an individual’s risk of stone formation.
Medical conditions which cause kidney stones
A number of different medical conditions can lead to an increased risk of developing kidney stones:
- Gout results in a chronically increased amount of uric acid in the blood and urine and can lead to the formation of uric acid kidney stones.
- Hypercalciuria (high calcium in the urine), another inherited condition, causes stones in more than half of the cases. In this condition, too much calcium is absorbed from food and excreted into the urine, where it may form calcium phosphate or calcium oxalate kidney stones.
- Other conditions associated with an increased risk of kidney stones include hyperparathyroidism, kidney diseases such as renal tubular acidosis, and other inherited metabolic conditions, including cystinuria and hyperoxaluria.
- Chronic diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension) are also associated with an increased risk of developing kidney stones.
- People with inflammatory bowel disease are also more likely to develop kidney stones.
- Those who have undergone intestinal bypass or ostomy surgery are also at increased risk for kidney stones.
- Some medications also raise the risk of kidney stones. These medications include some diuretics, calcium-containing antacids, and the protease inhibitor indinavir (Crixivan), a drug used to treat HIV infection.
- Dietary factors and practices may increase the risk of stone formation in susceptible individuals. In particular, inadequate fluid intake predisposes to dehydration, which is a major risk factor for stone formation. Other dietary practices that may increase an individual’s risk of forming kidney stones include allopathic drugs for GIT, NSAIDS, excessive sugar consumption, excessive vitamin D supplementation.
It’s wrong information that dietary calcium intake (milk, yogurt, chees) may alter disturbs the calcium-oxalate balance and result in the increased excretion of oxalate and a propensity to form oxalate stones, said Dr Qaisar Ahmed.
- Hyperoxaluria as an inherited condition is uncommon and is known as primary hyperoxaluria. The elevated levels of oxalate in the urine increase the risk of stone formation.
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Early signs and symptoms of kidney stones
While some kidney stones may not produce symptoms (known as “silent” stones), people who have kidney stones often report the sudden onset of excruciating, cramping pain in their low back and/or side, groin, or abdomen. Changes in body position do not relieve this pain.
The abdominal, groin, and/or back pain typically waxes and wanes in severity, characteristic of colicky pain (the pain is sometimes referred to as renal colic). It may be so severe that it is often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The pain has been described by many as the worst pain of their lives, even worse than the pain of childbirth or broken bones.
Kidney stones also characteristically cause bloody urine. If the infection is present in the urinary tract along with the stones, there may be fever and chills. Sometimes, symptoms such as
- difficulty urinating,
- urinary urgency,
- penile pain, or
- testicular pain may occur due to kidney stones.
Diagnose kidney stones Nephrolithiasis
The diagnosis of kidney stones is suspected when the typical pattern of symptoms is noted and when other possible causes of abdominal or flank pain are excluded. Which is the ideal test to diagnose kidney stones is controversial. Imaging tests are usually done to confirm the diagnosis. Many patients who go to the emergency room will have a non-contrast CT scan done. This can be done rapidly and will help rule out other causes for flank or abdominal pain. However, a CT scan exposes patients to significant radiation, and recently, ultrasound in combination with plain abdominal X-rays has been shown to be effective in diagnosing kidney stones.
In pregnant women or those who should avoid radiation exposure, an ultrasound examination may be done to help establish the diagnosis.
Allopathic treatment for kidney stones
Most kidney stones eventually pass through the urinary tract on their own within 48 hours, with ample fluid intake. Toradol, an injectable anti-inflammatory drug, and narcotics may be used for pain control when over-the-counter pain control medications are not effective. Toradol, aspirin, and NSAIDs must be avoided if lithotripsy is to be done because of the increased risk of bleeding or if there is impaired kidney function. Intravenous pain medications can be given when nausea and vomiting are present.
Acetaminophen may be used as pain medication if there is no contraindication to its use (it has sever side effects). If further pain medication is needed, stronger narcotic pain medications may be recommended.
Several factors influence the ability to pass a stone. These include the size of the person, prior stone passage, prostate enlargement, pregnancy, and the size of the stone. A 4 mm stone has an 80% chance of passage while a 5 mm stone has a 20% chance. I allopathic treatment stones larger than 9 mm to 10 mm rarely pass without specific treatment (surgery or lithotripsy).
Some medications have been used to increase the passage rates of kidney stones. These include calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia, Afeditab, Nifediac) and alpha-blockers such as tamsulosin. These drugs may be prescribed to some people who have stones that do not rapidly pass through the urinary tract.
For kidney stones that do not pass on their own, a procedure called lithotripsy is often used. In this procedure, shock waves are used to break up a large stone into smaller pieces that can then pass through the urinary system.
Surgical techniques may be done through a small incision in the skin (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) or through an instrument known as a ureteroscop, passed through the urethra and bladder up into the ureter.
Homeopathic Treatment for Kidney Stones Nephrolithiasis
In Homeopathic medicines, there are few medicines which are famous for breaking renal/kidney stones/calculi, and many medicines not only to ease passage of any foreign bodies including stones/calculi, but they also has good painkilling effects.
Berberis Vulgaris
Berberis Vulgaris is the top listed medicines for urinary tract stones, it also ease the passage (urinary tract). Pain in kidney that radiates down the ureter and into the urinary bladder, shooting/pulsating pains, stitching pains which are cutting or stinging in nature and with urging to urinate. The pain may worsen from motion or jarring movement. Urine may be yellow and may contain slimy sediments, kidney region is sensitive to touch, Bubbling sensation in region of kidneys. Sediments in urine, bloody urine, dark colored urine.
Pareira Brava
Useful in renal colic, prostatic affections, and catarrh of bladder. Sensation as if bladder were distended, with pain. Pain going down thigh.
Urinae black, bloody, thick with mucus. Constant urging; great straining; pain down thighs during efforts to urinate. Can emit urine only when he goes on his knees, pressing head firmly against the floor. Feeling of the bladder being distended and neuralgic pain in the anterior crural region. (Staph.) Dribbling after micturition. Violent pain in glans penis. Itching along urethra; urethritis, with prostatic trouble. Inflammation of urethra; becomes almost cartilaginous.
pain from the kidney radiates down to the thigh sometimes radiate down to the feet to the glans (during urination) from the kidney region. Constant urge to urinate. Urine is passed with severe pain. Red sand and sometimes sticky mucus may be observed in the urine.
Lycopodium for kidney stone
Lycopodium Clavatum is an excellent choice when there is micturition especially nocturnal, pain worsens before urination, scanty urination, pain subsides after passing urine. Red sediments or bloody urine. In some cases, the urine may be purulent, turbid, or pale.
Foamy urine – deep colored, with yellow or reddish sediment. Sometimes clear, transparent urine, having a heavy, red, crystallized sediment. Stitches in the neck of the bladder and in the anus at the same time.
Hydrangea Arborescens
Hydrangea Arborescens is popularly known as the stone breaker. Hydrangea Arborescens is used to crush kidney stones, stones in ureter as well as bladder, acts especially on bladder neck (even prostate). A significant symptom to look out for is white deposits or yellow sand in urine.
Cantharis Vesicatoria
Retention of urine, with cramp-like pains in the bladder. Urgent and ineffectual efforts to urinate, with painful emission, drop by drop with difficulty, weak and scattered stream. Urine, pale yellow, or of a deep red color.
Flow of sanguineous mucus from the bladder. Blood from urethra – drop by drop. Purulent urine. Burning smarting while urinating. Incisive pains in urethral opening, pain during the emission of urine, and afterwards. Sharp, tearing, and incisive pains, successive pulling and pulsations in the urinary organs.
Burning, stinging and tearing in the kidneys. Pressing pain in the kidneys, extending to the bladder; along the ureters; relieved by pressing upon the glans. Inflammation and ulceration of the kidneys, bladder, and of the urethra. Exceedingly painful sensibility of the bladder region to touch
Sarsaparilla Officinalis
The urinary organs; genitals; rectum; skin and bones; right lower extremity. In the urinary sphere there are symptoms which are very severe and also peculiar: sever pain at end of micturition, just as the urine ceases to flow; inability to urinate freely except in the standing position, when sitting it only dribbles; excessive pain in urethra which may run back into abdomen; passage of gravel like grey sand.
Many cases of renal colic and dysuria in infants with passage of sand have been cured with Sarsaparilla. spermatorrhoea, with swollen cords. In the female generative sphere it has many symptoms of painful and disordered menstruation. A peculiar symptom is “moist eruption in right groin before menses.
Scanty urine passed is scanty. Urine may contain slimy or sandy particles. Sarsaparilla Officinalis is also prescribed for right-sided kidney stones.
Ocimum Can
Diminution or suppression of the urinary secretions. Urine albuminoids; strong-scented (high-colored, smelling of violets, apparently full of bile); dark brown (porter-colored) and scanty; deposits bright-red sediment. Bright’s disease.
Tabacum
Renal colic; violent pains along ureters; cold sweat; deathly nausea. Paralysis of sphincter, constant dribbling. Enuresis. Urine yellowish-red, with increased secretion. Inflammation of the orifice of the urethra.
Calceria Renalis
It is a specific remedy for renal stones .
Fabiana Imbricata
Excoriating urine & calculi. Uric acid diathesis. A terebinthine diuretic. Vesical tenesmus & burning after urination. Dysuria, cystitis, prostatitis, gonorrhea. Cholelithiasis & liver affections.
Hedeoma
Dull burning pain over left kidney. Pain along left ureter. Dragging pain from kidney to bladder. Red sand in urine. Frequent urging, cutting pains. Frequent intense desire to urinate & inability to retain urine for more than few minutes, better urinating.
Epigea Repens
Renal calculi, gravel, uric acid deposits. Fine sand in urine of a brown color. Dysuria, tenesmus after urination. Burning in neck of bladder while urinating. Chronic cystitis, mucus’s, pyelitic, incontinence of urine.
Thlaspi Bura Pastoris
Renal colic. Accumulation of gravel. Brick dust sediment. Urine heavy, phosphatic. Dysuria & spasmodic retention. Uric acid diathesis. Renal & vesical irritation. Urethritis, urine runs away in little jets. Hematuria & albuminuria.
Oxydendrone
Vesical calculi. Irritation at neck of bladder. Urine suppressed. Dropsy. Deranged portal circulation. Prostatic enlargement.
Solidigo
Urine scanty, reddish brown, thick sediment, dysuria, gravel. Pain in kidneys extends forward to abdomen & bladder. Urine difficult & scanty, albumen, blood & slime. Kidneys sensitive to pressure. Backache of congested kidneys.
Parietaria
Renal calculi. Night mares, patient dreams of being buried alive.
Stigmata Maydalis
Renal lithiasis, nephritic colic. Blood & red sand in urine. Suppression & retention of urine. Dysuria, tenesmus after urinating. Uric & phosphatic gonorrhea. Urinary symptoms associated with organic heart disease.
Ipomea
Renal colic, aching in small of back & extremities. Pain in left lumbar muscles on stooping. Aching in top of right shoulder.
Uva Ursi
Calculous inflammation. Chronic vesical irritation with pain, tenesmus & catarrhal discharges. Burning after the discharge of slimy urine. Frequent urging with severe spasms of the bladder. Urine contains blood, pus & much tenacious mucus, with clots in large masses. Painful dysuria. Involuntary green urine. Cystitis with bloody urine.
Urtica Urens
Urine suppressed, everything disappeared with desquamation. Edematous swelling of whole upper body to umbilicus. Strangury; gravel; disease of bladder and kidneys. Hemorrhage from bladder.
Crocus Sativa
Urinary calculi, urates & uric acid. Brick red sediment. Hematuria. Deep colored thick urine. Dysuria, urging to urinate. Lancinating pains from kidneys to bladder. Chronic bronchitis complicated with gravel.
Chinium Sulph
Small amount of urea & phosphoric acid with excess of uric acid & abundance of chlorides. Bloody urine. Albuminuria. Chronic interstitial nephritis. Turbid, slimy, clay colored, greasy sediment. Complaints from suppressed malaria
Benzoic Acid
Excess of uric acid in urine. Urine high colored, urine odor highly intensified. Dark brown, highly offensive. Gonorrheal & syphilitic patients. Pain suddenly change their locality. Rheumatism & gout.
Nitric Acid
Cloudy phosphatic urine. Scanty, dark, offensive, smells like horse’s urine. Urine bloody, albuminoids, turbid, looks like remains of cider barrel, cold on passing. Pricking splinter like pains. Complaints after continued loss of sleep, over exertion of mind & body.
Medorrhinum
Renal colic. Painful tenesmus when urinating. Severe pain in renal region > by profuse urination. Intense pain in ureters, with sensation of passing of calculus. Urine flows very slowly. Ailments from suppressed gonorrhea. Women with chronic pelvic disorders.
Sepia
Red adhesive sand in urine. Chronic cystitis, slow micturition with bearing down sensation above pubes. Urine highly offensive, must be removed from the room. Pains from other parts to back, attended with shuddering. Sensation of ball in inner parts. Weeps easily, indifference to those loved best.
Chimaphilla Umbellate
Urine loaded with ropy, mucopurulent sediment. Urine turbid, offensive, scanty. Burning & scalding. Must strain before flow comes. Unable to urinate without standing with feet wide apart & body inclined forward. Prostatic enlargements.
Senecio Auteus
Renal colic, great heat & constant urging. Nephritis. Scanty, high colored, bloody with much mucus & tenesmus. Irritable bladder with headache. Backache of congested kidneys. Functional amenorrhea.
Piperazinum
Urinary calculi, uric acid diathesis. Constant backache. Urine scanty. Rheumatic urethritis.
Polygonum Sagittatum
Pains of nephritic colic, lancinating pain along spine. Suppurative nephritis. Aching pain in hips & loins.
Selenium
Urine scanty and red in evening; red sediment, like coarse sand. Involuntary dribbling of urine when walking. Dribbling of urine after micturition and after stool. Sensation in tip of urethra, as if a biting drop were forcing its way out.
Polygonum Persicaria
It is an effective remedy for renal colic and calculi
Nitromuriatic Acid
Gravel. Oxaluria, almost a specific. Urine cloudy, burning in urethra. < eating meat, alcohol.
Vesceria
Smarting, burning sensation along urethra & bladder with frequent desire to void urine often with strangury. Cystitis, irritable
Xanthorrhoea Arborea
Severe pain in kidneys, cystitis & gravel. Pain from ureter to bladder & testicles. Pain in small of back returns from least chill or damp.
Natural/Herbal Remedies to Treat Bladder Stones
1. Pineapple Juice, Rose Water, Sugar Candy (misri)
You have likely heard of pineapple juice and rose water, but may be wondering what misri is.
The medical term misri is a sugar candy lump or type of confectionary mineral (natural sweet mineral). To reap the benefits of this remedy, mix 100 ml of pineapple juice, 10 grams (g) of sugar candy, and 100 ml of rose water together and let it sit overnight.
The next morning, it’s ready to use; One teaspoon on an empty stomach thrice a day. It will provide immediate relief to bladder stone symptoms.
2. White Goosefoot Juice
The white goosefoot plant (chenopodium). To get the best effects from it, grind 50 g of white goosefoot leaves in 125 ml of water and take one teaspoon thrice a day for two weeks. This will help dissolve the bladder stones.
3. Horse Gram, Radish Juice
The scientific term for horse gram is Macrotyloma uniflorum. It is a legume/seed and is an excellent source of iron. To get the full effects, you want to boil 6 g of horse gram and 25 ml of extracted radish juice in 125 ml water. After straining it, drink it first thing in the morning on an empty stomach. This will help break down the stones.
4. Watermelon Seed Kernels
Consuming the kernels from watermelon on a daily basis will help break down the stones so they can pass through the urine.
5. Grapes Leaves, Grapes Juice
Boil 20 g of grapes leaves in a cup of water and filter it. Then mix in 20 ml of grape juice and take it thrice a day (one teaspoon).
6. Marigold (Calendula) Petals, Sugar Candy
Also known as calendula, marigold is an herbaceous plant and can be used in salads. For the best results, combine and Misri/sugar candy in a glass of distilled water . Take one teaspoon thrice a day for a weak minimum.
7. Onion Juice
Drink 5 g or 1 ounce of onion juice on an empty stomach. The bladder stones will dissolve quicker if taken on a daily basis.
8. Puncture Wine, Horse Gram
Grind 3 g of cucumber and kernel seeds, 3 g of muskmelon kernel seeds, 4 g of horse gram, 6 g of melon kernel seeds, and 4 g of puncture wine (Tribulus Terrestris) and 4 gr of cantaloupe seeds. Boil the ingredients in 180 ml of water and add Misri to it. Take thrice a day on empty stomach.
9. Black Salt, Aluminum Chloride, Cucumber
Black salt or pink Himalayan salt condiment and aluminum chloride (Noshadar). For best results, sprinkle black salt and aluminum chloride onto cucumber slices and consume on a daily basis for one week only.
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Dr. Sayyad Qaisar Ahmed (MD {Ukraine}, DHMS) ; senior research officer Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy Ukraine; is a leading Homeopathic physician practicing in Al-Haytham clinic, Umer Farooq Chowk Risalpur Sadder (0923631023, 03119884588), K.P.K, Pakistan.
Find more about Dr. Sayyad Qaisar Ahmed at :
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