Schistosomiasis is a worm infection or helminthiasis; disease that is caused by parasites of genus Schistosoma (S. mansoni, S. mekongi, S. intercalatum, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum) that enter humans by attaching to the skin, penetrating it, and then migrating through the venous system to the portal veins where the parasites produce eggs and eventually, the symptoms of acute or chronic disease (for example, fever, abdominal discomfort, blood in stools).

Bilharziasis, bilharzia, bilharziasis, and snail fever or, in the acute form, Katayama fever are alternate names for schistosomiasis. Theodor Bilharz identified the parasite Schistosoma haematobium in Egypt in 1851. Schistosomiasis is the second most prevalent tropical disease in the world; malaria is the first.

How it infects human?

Humans enter freshwater areas that contain snails that grow Schistosoma sporocysts that develop into free-swimming cercariae shed by freshwater snails (Biomphalaria and Bulinus genus), considered to be an intermediate host.

The cercariae can attach to and penetrate the human skin, migrate to blood vessels, and through lung blood capillaries reach the portal blood or vesicular (bladder) blood systems. During this migration, the cercariae change and develop from schistosomula into male and female adult parasitic worms. The worms incorporate human proteins into their surface structures, so most humans produce little or no immune response to the parasites.

After parasite mating occurs in the portal or vesicular blood system, egg production occurs. In contrast to the adult parasites, the parasite’s eggs stimulate a strong immune response in most humans. Some eggs migrate through the bowel or bladder tissue and are shed in feces or urine to soil or water, while other eggs are swept into the portal blood and lodge in other tissue sites. Eggs shed into urine or feces may reach maturity in freshwater (a hatched egg develops into a miracidium) and complete their life cycle by infecting susceptible snails.

In addition, some adult worms may migrate to other organs (for example, the eyes or liver). This life cycle is further complicated by S. japonicum species that may also infect domesticated and wild animals, which can then serve as another host system. S. haematobium is the species that usually infects the human bladder tissue, while the other species usually infect the bowel tissue.

The acute and chronic symptoms of schistosomiasis are thought to be mainly due to the egg migration through tissue and the human immune response to the eggs. Chronic symptoms are mainly due to eggs that are not shed from the body. Complications (for example, hepatomegaly or enlarged liver and bladder cancer) related to the disease are thought to occur due to long-term exposure to the highly antigenic eggs.

Currently, there is no vaccine available for schistosomiasis.

Diagnosis schistosomiasis

The presumptive diagnosis of schistosomiasis is based on the medical caregiver’s history and physical examination of the patient. It is important to know that a person has inhabited or visited areas of the world where the disease is endemic, especially if the person has had skin exposure to freshwater lakes and streams.

If the patient has that history and has symptoms that are described above, a presumptive diagnosis may be made. However, because symptoms of schistosomiasis resemble those of other diseases definitive diagnostic tests are usually required. Thick fecal smears and urine concentration tests (for example, the Kato-Katz test) are used to determine if any Schistosoma eggs are present.

In addition, most eggs from each species are shaped differently so it is possible to determine which Schistosoma is infecting the patient. Sometimes the definitive diagnosis is made by examination of biopsy samples of tissue when the eggs are visualized in the infected tissue.

Blood tests and, more recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests can help confirm the diagnosis, but positive results may only indicate past exposure. However, these tests are not usually positive until the patient has been infected for about six to eight weeks because it takes time for the eggs to develop and stimulate the human immune response. Each Schistosoma species has different egg proteins that can be detected by antibody tests.

Many other tests and procedures may be necessary to establish the diagnosis, especially if no eggs are found in the feces or urine, which is often the situation in chronic schistosomiasis. Colonoscopy, cystoscopy, endoscopy, and liver biopsy are all methods that can be used to obtain tissue biopsy material. In addition, ultrasound, chest X-rays, CT scan, MRI, and echocardiograms may be used to determine the extent of the infection in various organ systems. Most physicians will run additional blood tests (complete blood count [CBC], liver function tests, renal function tests) to determine if organs have been damaged by the parasites.

Currently, the drug used in most people is praziquantel; praziquantel only is effective against adult worms and does not affect eggs or immature worms. Treatment with praziquantel is simple and its dose is based on the patient’s weight with two doses given in one day.

☠ (Praziquantel causes rapid disintegration of the worm which, in turn, allows the human immune system to attack the parasite. This immune response can cause localized reactions, which may increase the patient’s symptoms).

Corticosteroids are often used to reduce the symptoms of this reaction. Unfortunately, this response limits the use of praziquantel. Praziquantel and oxamniquine or artemether are used by some clinicians early in infections, or to treat individuals infected with both malaria and schistosomes, respectively.

Ocular schistosomiasis should not be treated with this praziquantel. Other organs with heavy parasite infections may not function well and require supportive care until the hyperimmune response abates after drug administration.

Other drugs (oxamniquine, metrifonate, artemisinins, and trioxolanes) have been used in some patients but have limited effectiveness.

Surgical care may include removal of tumor masses, ligation of esophageal varices, shunt surgeries, and granuloma removal.

The complications that may develop with schistosomiasis usually occur in individuals harboring many parasites and eggs, especially when the eggs and parasites have migrated to other organs.

Complications usually involve the cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems (CNS), the liver and spleen, and urinary tracts along with the liver and spleen. Some of the major complications are high blood pressure (hypertension), seizures, bacterial infections, urinary obstruction, organ damage or destruction, and death.

Homeopathic treatment for schistosomiasis 

Here are very few medicines for helimentosis and there complications; for the treatment of other complication(s)/related diseases, please visit the specific page on Dixecosmetics.com

Teucrium

Crawling sensation in the body/organ. Ascarides, with nightly restlessness. Crawling in rectum after stool. Worms. Tumour of eyes. Smarting in canthi; lids red and puffy; tarsal tumor. Fibroma. Hiccough. Ingrowing toenail. Nasal catarrh. Polypus. Mucous polyps. Chronic catarrh; discharge of large, irregular clinkers. Foul breath. Crawling in nostrils, with lacrimation and sneezing. Psoriasis. Rheumatism. Urethral excrescences. Over sensitiveness. Best for serum sickness, like symptoms. Nasal catarrh with atrophy; large, offensive crusts and clinkers. Ozaena. Loss of sense of smell. Patient excited, tremulous feeling. Frontal pain; worse, stooping. Strengthens brain after delirium tremens. Hissing and ringing in ears. Otalgia.

Vomiting of large quantities of dark-green masses. Constant hiccough. Unnatural appetite. Dry cough, tickling in trachea. Tearing pains in arms and legs. Pain in toe-nails. Skin itching – tossing about all night. Very dry skin. Suppurating grooves in the nails.

Ignatia Amara

Rumbling in bowels. Weak feeling in upper abdomen. Throbbing in abdomen. Colicky, griping pains in one or both sides of abdomen. Itching and stitching up the rectum. Prolapse. Rectal muscles weakness (Stools pass with difficulty); painful constriction of anus after stool. Stitches in haemorrhoids during cough. Diarrhoea from fright. Stitches from anus deep into rectum. Haemorrhage and pain; worse when stool is loose. Pressure as of a sharp instrument from within outward. Sour eructation. All-gone feeling in stomach; much flatulence; hiccough. Cramps in stomach. Averse to ordinary diet; longs for great variety of indigestible articles. Craving for acidic things. Sinking in stomach.

Asthenopia, with spasms of lids, Neuralgic pain about eyes. Flickering zig zags. Twitching of muscles of face and lips. Changes color when at rest. Sour mouth taste. Easily bites inside of cheeks. Constantly full of saliva. Feeling of a lump in throat. Tendency to choke, globus hystericus. Sore throat; stitches when not swallowing. Stitches between acts of swallowing, extend to ear. Tonsils inflamed, swollen, with small ulcers. Follicular tonsillitis. Dry spasmodic cough in quick successive shocks. Spasm of glottis. Reflex coughs. Coughing increases the desire to cough. Much sighing. Hollow spasmodic cough, worse in the evening, little expectoration, leaving pain in trachea.

Pain in tendo-Achilles and calf. Ulcerative pain in soles. Sleep very light. Jerking of limbs on going to sleep. Insomnia from grief, cares, with itching of arms and violent yawning.

Fever, chill with thirst; not relieved by external heat. During fever, itching; nettle-rash all over body. Itching. Very sensitive to draught of air. Excoriation, especially around vagina and mouth.

Cina

Anal and/or vaginal itching. Pinworm. Anal itching accompanied by teeth grinding. Gets hungry soon after a meal. Hungry, digging, gnawing sensation. Epigastric pain; worse, first waking in morning and before meals. Vomiting and diarrhoea immediately after eating or drinking. Vomiting with a clean tongue. Desires many and different things. Craving for sweets. Twisting pain about navel. Bloated and hard abdomen.

White mucus on stool, like small pieces of popped corn, preceded by pinching colic. Itching of anus. Worms. Gagging cough in the morning. Whooping-cough. Violent recurring paroxysms. Cough ends in a spasm. Patient is afraid to speak or move for fear of bringing on paroxysm of coughing. Ill-humor. Pvery cross; does not want to be touched, or crossed, or carried. Desires many things, but rejects everything offered. Abnormal consciousness.

Headache, alternating with pain in abdomen. Relieved by stooping. Pain in head when using eyes. Dilated pupils; yellow vision. Weak sight from masturbation. Strabismus from abdominal irritation. Eyestrain, especially when presbyopia sets in. Pulsation of superciliary muscle. Digging and scratching in ears. Itching of nose all the time. Wants to rub it and pick at it. Bores at nose till it bleeds.

Intense, circumscribed redness of cheeks. Pale, hot, with dark rings around eyes. Cold perspiration. White and bluish about the mouth. Grits teeth during sleep. Choreic movements of face and hands.

Twitching and jerking distortion of limbs, trembling. Paralyzed shocks; patient will jump suddenly, as though in pain. Patient/Child throws arms from side to side. Nocturnal convulsions. Sudden inward jerking of fingers. Child stretches out feet spasmodically. One foot in constant spasmodic motion.

Patient/ Child gets on hands and knees in sleep; on abdomen. Night terrors of children; cries out, screams, wakes frightened. Troubles while yawning. Screams and talks in sleep. Grits teeth.

Light chill. Severe temperature, associated with clean tongue. Chilliness, with thirst. Cold sweat on forehead, nose, and hands. In Cina fever, face is cold and hands warm.

Natrum Phosphoricum

Acidity in children fed with excess of milk and sugar. Canine hunger with gone feeling in stomach. Desires strong-tasting things. Eructations after eating. Goneness; in stomach, abdomen, in chest. Heaviness and pressure in epigastrium. Vomiting of sour cheesy masses. Sharp cutting in hypochondria and iliac region. Flatulence. Whilst at stool, sensation as if a marble dropped down descending colon. Colic, and pressure, with acidity. Colic, as from wind pressing on bladder, causing frequent inclination and urging to stool.

Burning contracting pain in anus and lower rectum. Sticking in anus on walking. Sore, raw feeling. Itching soreness; must scratch. Diarrhoea with colic; fears to pass flatus for fear faeces should escape. After coitus (man) urging to stool and urination: stools small, loose. Yellowish green, so-called “hacked diarrhoea”. Stool – yellowish brown.; profuse, thin, yellowish brown. Small stool before breakfast, soft yet with effort; sudden urging while eating; afterwards, watery yellowish brown, painless stool. Large, soft stool, easily expelled, with feeling afterwards as if much remained behind. Intestinal, long or roundworms, with acidity, picking nose, occasional squinting, pain in bowels, restless sleep.

Teeth in morning and mouth all day covered with a brownish mucus. Gumboils on molars. Tongue coated dirty white, brown centre. Moist, golden-yellow, or creamy coating. Sensation of hairs on tip of tongue, followed by prickling numbness of whole mouth. Bad taste (coppery) on waking. Tries to say a word, but it will not come out; feels as if something closed in throat preventing speech.

Mucus in throat. Tough clear white phlegm in posterior nares. Thick yellow mucus drops from posterior nares. Sensation of lump in throat.

Dizzy. Vertigo. Dullness in head and at root of nose. Flushes of heat, afterwards sweat.

Eyes slight burning, lachrymation, must rub eyes. Cutting in eyes, feel as if sand in them. Vision dim; flickering; halo round gas-light. (Squinting, with worms). Disturbed vision, one pupil dilated.

Ears lobe burning and itching – scratch it till it bleeds. Sensation in ears as of water dripping from a height into a long round vessel. Imagines he hears footsteps in next room.

Fullness at root of nose; skin feels drawn tight over it. Nose as if full of mucus. Pricking in nostril, brings tears to eyes. Offensive odour before nose. Shooting pain in cheek. Peculiar stitching pain along cheek into ears.

Burning during micturition. After coitus burning and itching at meatus. Frequent micturition. Passed a large quantity of urine on arising in morning. Bladder semi-paralysed: flow soon stops, and requires straining. Urine pale; scanty, dark. (Diabetes, hepatic diseases etc.).

Erections preceded by slight pains in testicles. Drawing in testes and cords. Great itching of scrotum; prepuce; anus. Chafing of skin. Eczema, with acidity, honey-coloured secretion. Crusta lactea. Golden-yellow scabs.

Drowsy all day, most forenoon; falls asleep sitting. Unusual excitement, could not sleep. Sleepless.

Chilly followed by hot flushes round body. Feet icy cold by day, burn at night (during menses). Cannot get to sleep feels so hot; thoughts crowd on his mind. Flashes of heat and sweat. Face burns. Exceedingly sour-smelling sweats. Intermittent fever with vomiting of sour masses.

Caladium

Nausea in the morning on rising. Acid eructations. Spasmodic cutting pain in stomach and abdomen. Abdomen swollen and tender to touch. Sensation as if a long worm writhing in region of transverse colon or duodenum. After stool thin red blood passes. Discharge of mucus from the rectum after stool. Stitches in rectum after stool. Soft, pasty, clay-coloured stools, passed with difficulty. Stool containing hard lumps. Very scanty, pasty stool. Urging to stool on rising in the morning. Burning in the anus after stool.

Fluent or stopped coryza. Sensation as if a spider web or plaster were sticking here and there on face. Low spirits and gloomy thoughts (impotence). Forgetfulness. Very irritable and depressed. Confused, cannot concentrate the mind. Dull, frontal headache. Vertigo with nausea, mornings.

Eyes burning and stitches. Eyes violently inflamed. Drowsiness and heaviness. Eyelids red and inflamed, with smarting and burning. Dull, pressive aching in portion of eyeballs. Eyeballs sore and sensitive to pressure.

Bladder feels full without desire to urinate. Urine fetid; with sediment. Painful swelling of margin of prepuce with smarting during micturition. Pruritus of vulva and vagina. Pruritus vaginae; with onanism (nymphomania). Worms escape into vagina and cause masturbation.

Rough, dry skin. Itching, burning rash (forearm and chest), alternating with asthma. Violent itching on various parts.

Drowsy and sleepy. Sleepless, or unrefreshing sleep. Vertigo. Groans and moans anxiously in sleep. Dreams; frightful. Chilliness in the evening, without thirst. Chilly even in a warm room. Feverish, skin hot and dry. Face, head, and hands hot; legs and feet cold. Heat with thirst, pain in the ears, swelling of the submaxillary glands, and retention of stool. Sweat towards evening, with prostration, yawning, and drowsiness. The perspiration (after the heat) attracts the flies.

 Santoninum

It is of unquestioned value in the treatment of worm diseases with Santoninum, as gastro-intestinal irritation, itching of nose, restless sleep, twitching of muscles. Ascaris lumbricoides, and threadworms, but not tapeworms. Night cough of children. Chronic cystitis. Laryngeal crises and lightning pains of tabes. Occipital headache, with chromatic hallucinations. Itching of nose. Bores into nostrils. Sudden dimness of sight. Color blindness; Xanthopsia. Strabismus due to worms. Dark rings about eyes.

Fetid breath, depraved appetite; thirsty. Tongue deep-red. Grinding of teeth. Nausea; better after eating. Choking feeling.

Urine greenish if acid and reddish purple if alkaline. Incontinence and dysuria. Enuresis. Feeling of fullness of bladder. Nephritis.

Naphthalinum

Sneezing; eyes inflamed; painful; head hot. Hay-fever. Spasmodic asthma. Soreness in chest and stomach. Dyspnoea and sighing inspiration. Emphysema in the aged with asthma. Whooping-cough, long and continued paroxysms of coughing, unable to get a respiration. Acute laryngo-tracheitis. Bronchitis when the spasmodic element is associated with tenacious expectoration and oppression (Cartier). Urine: Irresistible desire. Meatus red swollen, and oedema of prepuce. Black urine. Cutting pain down penis. Pain in bladder. Terribly offensive odor of decomposing ammoniacal urine.

Lying as if stupefied by a narcotic. Restless. Face pale yellowish hue. Detachment of the retina; papillo-retinal infiltration; deposits in patches upon the retina; amblyopia and consecutive amaurosis; sparkling syncheses; soft cataract. Exudation in the retina, choroid and ciliary body. Cataract. Opacity of the cornea. Skin: Dermatitis; itching infiltration. Eruptions at corners of mouth and pigmentation around nails.

Merc solubilis

Putrid eructations. Intense thirst for cold drinks. Weak digestion, with continuous hunger. Stomach sensitive to touch. Hiccough and regurgitation. Cough, with yellow mucopurulent expectoration. Whooping-cough with nosebleed. Throat – Bluish-red swelling. Constant desire to swallow. Putrid sore throat. Stitches into ear on swallowing; fluids return through nose. Quinsy, with difficulty swallowing.

Slow in answering questions. Memory weakened, and loss of will-power. Weary of life. Mistrustful. Vertigo. Stinging, burning, fetid eruptions on scalp. Loss of hair. Exostosis. Oily sweat on head.

Eyelids red, thick, swollen. Profuse, burning, acrid discharge. Floating black spots. Parenchymatous keratitis of syphilitic origin with burning pain. Iritis, with hypopyon.

Otalgia. Boils in external canal. Sneezing. Sneezing in sunshine. Nostrils raw, ulcerated; nasal bones swollen. Coryza; acrid discharge. Pain and swelling of nasal bones, and caries, with greenish fetid ulceration.

Face pale, earthy, dirty-looking, puffy. Aching in facial bones, Syphilitic pustules on face. Sweetish metallic taste in mouth. Salivary secretions greatly increased; bloody, viscid, fetid and coppery. Trembling tongue. Gums spongy, bleed easily. Teeth decay. Teeth loose, feel tender and elongated. Tongue heavy, thick; moist coating; yellow, flabby, teeth-intended, feels as if burnt, with ulcers, Fetid odor from mouth, can smell it all over room. Alveolar abscess. Great thirst, with moist mouth.

Flatulent distention, with pain. Liver enlarged; sore to touch, indurated. Jaundice. Bile secreted deficiently. Stool greenish, bloody and slimy, worse at night, with pain and tenesmus. Never-get-done feeling. Discharge accompanied by chilliness, sick stomach, cutting colic, and tenesmus. Whitish-gray stools.

Male -Vesicles and ulcers; soft chancre. Cold genitals. Prepuce irritated; itches. Nocturnal emissions, stained with blood.

Female -Sensation of rawness in parts. Stinging pain in ovaries. Itching and burning; worse, after urinating; better, washing with cold water. Morning sickness, with profuse salivation. Mammae painful and full of milk at menses.

Skin almost constantly moist. Persistent dryness of the skin contra indicates mercurius. Excessive odorous viscid perspiration. Vesicular and pustular eruptions. Ulcers, irregular in shape, edges undefined. Pimples around the main eruption. Itching, worse from warmth of bed. Crusta lactea; yellowish-brown crusts, considerable suppuration. Buboes. Orchitis.

Fever -Generally gastric or bilious, with profuse nightly perspiration; debility, slow and lingering. Heat and shuddering alternately. Yellow perspiration. Profuse perspiration without relief. Creeping chilliness, worse in the evening and into night. Alternate flashes of heat in single parts.

Sanguineria Canadensis

Craving for piquant things. Unquenchable thirst. Burning, vomiting. Nausea, with salivation. Sinking, faint all-gone feeling. Spitting up of bile; gastro-duodenal catarrh. Diarrhoea as coryza improves. Pain over region of liver. Diarrhoea; bilious, liquid, gushing stool. Cancer of rectum.

Face flushed. Neuralgia; pain extends in all directions from upper jaw. Redness and burning of cheeks. Hectic flush. Fullness and tenderness behind angle of jaws. Hay-fever. Ozaena, with profuse, offensive yellowish discharges. Nasal polypi. Coryza, followed by diarrhoea. Chronic rhinitis; membrane dry and congested.

Burning in ears. Earache with headache. Humming and roaring. Aural polyps. Throat swollen dry and constricted. Ulceration of mouth and fauces, with dry, burning sensation Tongue white; feels scalded. Tonsillitis. Sun headache. Periodical sick headache; pain begins in occiput, spreads upwards, and settles over eyes. Veins and temples are distended. Burning in eyes. Pain in the back of head.

Edema of larynx. Trachea sore. Heat and tension behind the sternum. Aphonia. Cough of gastric origin. Cough, with burning pain in chest. Sputum tough, rust-colored, offensive, almost impossible to raise. Spasmodic cough after influenza and after whooping-cough. Tickling behind sternum, causes a constant hacking cough; worse at night on lying down.

Severe dyspnoea. Offensive breath and purulent expectoration. Fibroid phthisis. Pneumonia. Asthma with stomach disorders. Valvular disease with lung development, phosphates in urine and loss of flesh.

Extremities: Rheumatism. Rheumatic pains in places least covered by flesh. Right-side neuritis; better touching the part.

Skin: Antidotes to poisoning. Red, blotchy eruptions; worse in spring. Burning and itching; worse by heat. Acne, with scanty menses. Circumscribed red spots over malar bones.

Silphium Laciniatum

Silphium Laciniatum has good results in various forms of asthma and chronic bronchitis. Catarrhal influenza. Dysentery; attack preceded by constipated stools covered with white mucus. Cough with expectoration, stringy, frothy, light-colored. Excited by sense of mucus rattling in chest and worse by drafts of air. Constriction of lungs. Catarrh, with copious, stringy, mucous discharges. Desire to hawk and scrape throat. Irritation of posterior nares, involving mucous membranes of nasal passages with constriction of supraorbital region.

Silica Tera

Disgust for meat and warm food. On swallowing food, it easily gets into posterior nares. Want of appetite; thirst excessive. Pit of stomach painful to pressure. Vomiting after drinking. Pain or painful cold feeling in abdomen, with constipation; yellow hands and blue nails. Much rumbling in bowels. Inguinal glands swollen and painful. Hepatic abscess. Rectum feels paralyzed. Fistula in ano. Fissures and haemorrhoids, painful, with spasm of sphincter. Stool comes down with difficulty; when partly expelled, recedes again. Great straining; rectum stings; closes upon stool. Diarrhoea of cadaverous odor.

Urinary bloody, involuntary, with red or yellow sediment. Prostatic fluid discharges when straining at stool. Nocturnal enuresis in patients with worms.

Sensation of a hair on tongue. Boils on gums. Abscess at root of teeth. Pyorrhea. Periodical quinsy. Parotid glands swollen. Stinging pain on swallowing. Hard, cold swelling of cervical glands.

Headaches from fasting. Vertigo from looking up. Profuse sweat of head, offensive, and extends to neck. Pain begins at occiput, and spreads over head and settles over eyes. Swelling in the glabella. Swelling of lacrimal duct. Aversion to light, especially daylight; it produces dazzling, sharp pain through eyes; eyes tender to touch; worse when closed. Vision confused; letters run together on reading. Styes. Iritis and irido-choroiditis, with pus in anterior chamber. Perforating or sloughing ulcer of cornea. Abscess in cornea after traumatic injury. Cataract. After-effects of keratitis and ulcus cornea.

Ears: Fetid discharge. Caries of mastoid. Loud pistol-like report. Sensitive to noise. Tinnitus/Roaring in ears. Nasal itching. Dry, hard crusts form, bleeding when loosened. Nasal bones sensitive. Sneezing in morning. Obstructed and loss of smell. Perforation of septum. Skin cracked on margin of lips. Eruption on chin. Facial neuralgia, throbbing, tearing, face red; worse, cold damp.

Respiratory: Colds fail to yield; sputum persistently muco-purulent and profuse. Slow recovery after pneumonia. Cough and sore throat, with expectoration of little granules like shot, which, when broken, smell very offensive. Cough with expectoration, bloody or purulent. Violent cough when lying down, with thick, yellow lumpy expectoration; suppurative stage of expectoration.

Burning and soreness of genitals, with eruption on inner surface of thighs. Chronic gonorrhoea – thick, fetid discharge. Elephantiasis of scrotum. Sexual erethism; nocturnal emissions. Hydrocele.

Female: A milky, acrid leucorrhoea, during urination. Itching of vulva and vagina; very sensitive. Discharge of blood between menstrual periods. Increased menses, with paroxysms of icy coldness over whole body. Nipples very sore; ulcerated easily; drawn in. Fistulous ulcers of breast. Abscess of labia. Discharge of blood from vagina every time child is nursed. Vaginal cysts hard lumps in breast.

Night-walking. Sleeplessness, with great orgasm of blood and heat in head. Frequent starts in sleep. Anxious dreams. Excessive gaping.

Skin: Felons, abscesses, boils, old fistulous ulcers. Delicate, pale, waxy. Cracks at end of fingers. Painless swelling of glands. Rose-colored blotches. Scars suddenly become painful. Pus offensive. Promotes expulsion of foreign bodies from tissues. Every little injury suppurates. Long lasting suppuration and fistulous tracts. Dry fingertips. Eruptions itch only in daytime and evening. Crippled nails. Indurated tumors. Abscesses of joints. After impure vaccination. Bursa. Lepra, nodes, and coppery spots. Keloid growths.

Fever: Chilliness; very sensitive to cold air. Creeping, shivering. Cold extremities, even in a warm. Sweat at night; worse towards morning. Suffering parts feel cold.

Veratrum Album

A perfect picture of collapse, with extreme coldness, blueness, and weakness, is offered by this medicine. Post-operative shock/Surgical shock. with cold sweat on forehead, pale face, rapid, feeble pulse. Cold perspiration on the forehead, with nearly all complaints. Vomiting, purging, and cramps in extremities.  Excessive dryness of all mucous surfaces. “Coprophagia” violent mania alternates with silence and refusal to talk. Melancholy, with stupor and mania. Sits in a stupid manner; notices nothing; Sullen indifference. Frenzy of excitement; shrieks, curses. Puerperal mania. Aimless wandering from home. Delusions of impending misfortunes. Mania, with desire to cut and tear things. Attacks of pain, with delirium driving to madness. Cursing, howling all night.

Sensation of a lump of ice on vertex. Headache, with nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, pale face. Neck too weak to hold head up. Eyes surrounded by dark rings. Staring; turned upwards, without luster. Lachrymation with redness. Lids dry heavy. Features sunken. Icy coldness of tip of nose and face. Nose grows more pointed. Tearing in cheeks, temples, and eyes. Face very pale, blue, collapsed, cold. Tongue pale, cold; cool sensation, as from peppermint. Dry in center not relieved by water. Salty saliva.

Voracious appetite. Thirst for cold water, but is vomited as soon as swallowed. Averse to warm food. Hiccough. Copious vomiting and nausea; aggravated by drinking and least motion. Craves fruit, juicy and cold things, ice, salt. Anguish in pit of stomach. Great weakness after vomiting. Sinking and empty feeling in abdomen. Cold feeling in stomach and abdomen. Pain in abdomen preceding stool. Cramps, knotting abdomen and legs. Sensation as if hernia would protrude. Abdomen sensitive to pressure, swollen with terrible colic.

Constipation. Stools large, with much straining until exhausted, with cold sweat. Diarrhoea, very painful, watery, copious, and forcibly evacuated, followed by great prostration. Evacuations of cholera morbus and true cholera when vomiting accompanies the purging.

Hoarse, weak voice. Rattling in chest. Much mucus in bronchial tubes, that cannot be coughed up. Coarse rales. Chronic bronchitis in the aged. Loud barking, stomach cough, followed by eructation of gas; worse, warm room. Hollow cough, tickling low down, with blue face. Cough comes on from drinking, especially cold water; urine escapes when coughing. Cough on entering warm room from cold air. Palpitation with anxiety and rapid audible respiration. Pulse irregular, feeble. Tobacco – heart (from chewing or snuffing). Intermittent action of heart with hepatic obstruction.

Menses too early; profuse and exhausting. Faints from least exertion. Sexual mania precedes menses.

Soreness and tenderness of joints. Sciatica; pains like electric flashes. Cramps in calves. Neuralgia in brachial plexus; arms feel swollen, cold, paralytic. Skin blue, cold, clammy, inelastic. Cold sweat. Wrinkling of skin of hands and feet.

 Spigelia

Highly effective medicines for worms. Itching and crawling. Frequent ineffectual urging to stool. Ascarides. Heart: Violent palpitation. Praecordial pain and great aggravation from movement. Frequent attacks of palpitation, especially with foul odor from mouth. Pulse weak and irregular. Pericarditis, with sticking pains, palpitation, dyspnoea. Neuralgia extending to arm or both arms. Angina pectoris. Craving for hot water which relieves. Rheumatic carditis, trembling pulse; whole left side sore. Dyspnoea; must lie on right side with head high. Tongue fissured, painful. Foul odor from mouth. Offensive taste. Chilliness on the slightest motion. Afraid of sharp, pointed things, pins, needles, etc.

Head: Pain beneath frontal eminence and temples, extending to eyes; pain violent, throbbing; worse, making a false step. Vertigo, hearing exalted. Eyes feel too large; pressive pain on turning them. Pupils dilated; photophobia; rheumatic ophthalmia. Severe pain in and around eyes, extending deep into socket. Ciliary neuralgia, a true neuritis. Forepart of nose always dry; discharge through posterior nares chronic catarrh, with post-nasal dropping of bland mucus. Itching and crawling in rectum. Frequent ineffectual urging to stool. Ascarides.

Violent palpitation. Praecordial pain and great aggravation from movement. Frequent attacks of palpitation, especially with foul odor from mouth. Pulse weak and irregular. Pericarditis, with sticking pains, palpitation, dyspnoea. Neuralgia extending to arm or both arms. Angina pectoris. Craving for hot water which relieves. Rheumatic carditis, trembling pulse; whole left side sore. Dyspnoea; must lie on right side with head high.

Natrum Muriaticum

Excessive hunger. Hungry, yet loose flesh. Heartburn, with palpitation. Unquenchable thirst. Sweats while eating. Craving for salt. Aversion to bread, to anything slimy, like oysters, fats. Throbbing in pit. Sticking sensation in cardiac orifice. Cutting pain in abdomen. Distended. Pain in abdominal ring on coughing. Burning pains and stitching after stool. Anus contracted, torn, bleeding. Constipation; stool dry, crumbling. Painless and copious diarrhoea, preceded by pinching pain in abdomen.Frothy coating on tongue, with bubbles on side. Sense of dryness. Scorbutic gums. Numbness, tingling of tongue, lips, and nose. Vesicles and burning on tongue, as if there was a hair on it. Eruptions around mouth and vesicles like pearls on lips. Lips and corners of mouth dry, ulcerated, and cracked. Tongue mapped. Loss of taste. Large vesicle on lower lip, which is swollen and burns. Immoderate thirst.

Throbs. Blinding headache, in the morning on awakening, after menstruation, from sunrise to sunset, with pale face, nausea, vomiting; periodical; from eyestrain; menstrual. Before attack, numbness and tingling in lips, tongue and nose, relieved by sleep. Frontal sinus inflammation. Feels too large; cold. Anemic headache of young girls; nervous, discouraged, broken down.

Eyes feels bruised. Eyelids heavy. Muscles weak and stiff. Letters run together. Sees sparks. Fiery, zigzag appearance around all objects. Burning in eyes. Give out on reading or writing. Stricture of lacrimal duct with suppuration. Escape of mucopus when pressing upon sac. Lachrymation, burning and acrid. Lids swollen. Eyes appear wet with tears. Tears stream down face on coughing. Asthenopia due to insufficiency of internal recti muscles. Pain in eyes when looking down. Cataract incipient.

Tinnitus, roaring and ringing.

Violent, fluent coryza. Violent sneezing coryza. Infallible for stopping a cold commencing with sneezing.  Loss of smell and taste. Internal soreness of nose. Dryness.

Face oily, shiny, as if greased. Earthy complexion. Fevers-blisters. Pain just after urinating. Increased, involuntary when walking, coughing. Can’t urinate in front of others. Cough from a tickling in the pit of stomach, accompanied by stitches in liver and spurting of urine. Stitches all over chest. Cough, with bursting pain in head. Shortness of breath.

Tachycardia. Sensation of coldness of heart. Heart and chest feel constricted. Fluttering, palpitating; intermittent pulse. Heart’s pulsations shake body. Intermits on lying down.

Sleepy in forenoon. Nervous jerking during sleep. Dreams of robbers. Sleepless from grief. Skin greasy, oily, especially on hairy parts. Dry eruptions. Fever blisters. Urticaria; itch and burn. Crusty eruptions in bends of limbs, margin of scalp, behind ears. Warts on palms of hands. Eczema; raw, red, and inflamed; worse, eating salt, at seashore. Affects hair follicles. Alopecia. Hives, itching after exertion. Greasy skin.

Fever. Violent thirst, increases with fever. Fever-blisters. Coldness of the body, and continued chilliness. Hydraemia in chronic malarial states with weakness, constipation, loss of appetite, etc. Sweats on every exertion.

Abrotanum

Gnawing hunger, craves bread boiled in milk. Ravenous appetite, and all the while emaciating. Gastralgia with loss of appetite. Sensation as if stomach were hanging or swimming in water, with coldness. Pains cutting, gnawing, burning. Weak sinking feeling in bowels. Hard lumps in different parts of abdomen.

Undigested stools. Rheumatism after suddenly checked diarrhoea. Alternate diarrhoea and constipation. Protruding piles, with burning, from touch or when pressing. Piles appeared, and became worse as rheumatic pains abated, with frequent inclination to stool, hardly anything but blood being passed. Destroys worms.

Cold air causes a raw feeling in respiratory tract. Pleurisy. Pain across chest sharp and severe in region of heart. Rheumatic heart. Metastasis of rheumatism to heart. Pulse weak and small. Great anxiety and depression, cross, very peevish. Cruel, no humanity. Excited, loquacious, like shouting, good-humoured, happy. weak, easily tired by conversation or mental effort. Sensation as of creeping chills along the convolutions of the brain, accompanied by prickling sensation. Slee restless; frightful dreams.

Eyes.-Blue rings around dull-looking eyes. Nose dry. Nose-bleed with boys. Face wrinkled (as if old). Skin flabby; hangs loose; marasmus. Furunculus. Comedones, with emaciation. Slimy mouth taste.

Hydrocele of children. Darting pain in left ovary. High fever (rheumatism). Hectic fever, with chilliness, very weakening; (marasmus).

Early antiparasitic treatment, especially with acute schistosomiasis, may allow patients to recover completely with allopathic as well as with Homeopathic treatment without developing chronic disease. However, the prognosis is worse for patients taking allopathic treatment and who have other health problems (for example, with a suppressed immune system, HIV, or chronic infections such as malaria, Dengue etc.) and subsequently get infected with Schistosoma.

Patients with chronic disease may improve with Homeopathic treatment, with careful antiparasitic treatments and symptomatic Homeopathic treatment of the complications associated with schistosomiasis.

P. S : This article is only for doctors having good knowledge about Homeopathy and allopathy,  for learning purpose(s).

For proper consultation and treatment, please visit our clinic.

Location, address and contact numbers are given below.

NoN of above mentioned medicine(s) is/are the full/complete treatment, but just hints for treatment; every patient has his/her own constitutional medicine.

To order medicine by courier, please send your details at WhatsApp– +923119884588

Dr. Sayyad Qaisar Ahmed (MD {Ukraine}, DHMS), Abdominal Surgeries, Oncological surgeries, Gastroenterologist, Specialist Homeopathic Medicines.

  Senior research officer at Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy Ukraine.

Location:  Al-Haytham clinic, Umer Farooq Chowk Risalpur Sadder (0923631023, 03119884588), K.P.K, Pakistan.

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