Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder affecting feminine pole. The cause of Turner syndrome is a completely or partially missing X chromosome. Turner syndrome symptoms include short stature and lack of breast development and periods. Treatment for Turner syndrome may include hormone therapy in both allopathic drugs and in homeopathic medicines.
Thank you for reading this post, don't forget to subscribe!Turner syndrome (TS), sometimes referred to as congenital ovarian hypoplasia syndrome, is a genetic disorder. It is the most common sex chromosomal abnormality affecting girls and women.
More specifically, it’s a problem with one of the two X chromosomes (the thread-like structures inside cells that are made of DNA). Every living thing get there DNA from their parents and it is the DNA that contains the specific instructions that make each living creature unique!
Turner syndrome is a congenital condition, meaning it’s something a person is born with. Each of us is born with two chromosomes. All female borns with two X chromosomes, while all males borns with one X and one Y chromosome.
Turner Syndrome occurs when one of the X chromosomes is missing, either partially or completely.
Turner syndrome often causes short stature, typically noticeable by age 5. It usually doesn’t affect intelligence but can lead to developmental delays especially with calculations and memory. Heart problems are common. While Turner Syndrome can somewhat shorten life expectancy, screening for and treating known related conditions helps protect health.
Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder, but it’s usually not inherited, except in rare cases. An inherited genetic condition means that a parent (or both parents) passed down a mutated, or changed, gene. In Turner syndrome, the chromosome change happens randomly before birth.
Types of Turner syndrome
The types of Turner syndrome (TS) a person has depends on the problem with the X chromosome:
- Monosomy X: Each cell has only one X chromosome instead of two. About 45% of people with TS have this type. It comes from the mother’s egg or the father’s sperm randomly forming without an X chromosome. After fertilization, the baby’s cells also contain this defect.
- Mosaic Turner syndrome: Also called 45,X mosaicism, this type makes up about 30% of Turner syndrome cases. Some of the baby’s cells have a pair of X chromosomes, while other cells only have one. It happens randomly during cell division early in pregnancy.
- Inherited Turner syndrome: In rare cases, babies may have inherited TS, meaning their parent (or parents) were born with it and passed it on. This type usually happens because of a missing part of the X chromosome.
How common is Turner syndrome?
Worldwide, about one in every 2,500 female babies, born with Turner syndrome. It’s the most common sex chromosomal abnormality found in women.
SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES
What causes Turner syndrome?
Turner syndrome happens when one of a female baby’s two X chromosomes is missing or incomplete. Researchers don’t yet understand why this happens.
Symptoms of Turner syndrome
The main symptom of Turner syndrome is short stature. Almost all females with TS:
- Grow more slowly than their peers during childhood and adolescence.
- Have delayed puberty and lack of growth spurts, resulting in an average adult height of 4 feet, 8 inches. (If diagnosed early, growth hormone can help the person reach near-normal height).
Another symptom is not experiencing typical sexual development. Most females with TS:
- Don’t experience breast development.
- May not have menstrual periods.
- Have small ovaries that may only function for a few years or not at all.
- Typically don’t go through puberty, unless they get hormone therapy in late childhood and early teens.
- Don’t make enough sex hormones.
Besides short stature, females with Turner syndrome often have certain physical traits:
- Broad chest.
- Cubitus valgus, where the arms point out slightly at the elbows.
- Dental problems.
- Eye problems, such as a lazy eye or drooping eyelids.
- Scoliosis, when the spine curves sideways.
- Low hairline at the back of the neck.
- Many skin moles.
- Missing knuckle in a particular finger or toe, making the digit shorter.
- Narrow fingernails and toenails.
- Small lower jaw.
- Swelling of the hands and feet.
- Unusually short, wide neck or webbed neck (extra skin folds).
What other medical problems with Turner syndrome?
Cardiovascular problems
People with Turner syndrome (TS) may have heart and blood vessel problems, some of which can be life-threatening. Up to 50% of people with TS have a problem with the structure of their hearts. Cardiovascular problems can include:
- Bicuspid aortic valve, with two valve leaflets instead of three.
- Coarctation of the aorta, when part of the aorta is too narrow.
- Elongation of the aortic arch, a section of the body’s main artery.
- Hypertension (high blood pressure).
Bone problems
These are also common with Turner Syndrome. People with Turner syndrome should exercise and get enough calcium and vitamin D for healthy bones. Bone problems include:
- Increased risk for fractures and osteoporosis (weak bones), particularly in women who haven’t received estrogen treatment.
- Scoliosis, in about 20% of people.
Other medical conditions
People with Turner syndrome may also have:
- Autoimmune disorders: People with TS may develop hypothyroidism (not enough thyroid hormone). They may also develop celiac disease (digestive disorder) and inflammatory bowel disease (digestive tract irritation).
- Hearing and ear problems: An incorrectly formed ear and frequent middle ear infections are common. Sensorineural hearing loss develops in more than 50% of adults.
- Kidney defects: Structural problems in the kidney-urinary system happen in about 30% to 40% of people with TS. Problems with urine flow can lead to kidney infections.
- Metabolic syndrome: People with TS are at high risk for metabolic syndrome, a group of problems that occur together. It includes central obesity (more excess weight around the waist area), insulin resistance (pre-diabetes), high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high triglycerides and Type 2 diabetes.
- Mental health challenges: They may have low self-esteem and anxiety or depression. They may feel this way because of their physical concerns, health problems and infertility.
- Vision problems: Both farsightedness and nearsightedness can occur along with red-green color blindness, but nearsightedness is the most common eye problem.
Turner syndromes developmental delays
People with Turner syndrome typically have normal intelligence. But they may have problems with visual motor and visual spatial skills. They can have difficulty seeing how objects relate to each other in space.
People with Turner syndrome may also have trouble with:
- Clumsiness.
- Executive functions, including problems with managing and planning, memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility or changing the way they think about something.
- Nonverbal problem solving, like math.
- Understanding social cues, like facial expressions.
DIAGNOSIS
Usually, parents notice symptoms of Turner syndrome. Sometimes they do so right away and sometimes it happens during early childhood. For example, parents may spot:
- Swelling in hands or feet and skin webbing on the neck (may show up soon after birth).
- Short stature or stop in growth.
- Lack of breast development and menstrual periods.
A genetic test called a karyotype analysis can confirm a Turner syndrome diagnosis. This test requires a blood draw. It can determine whether one of the X chromosomes is fully or partially missing.
A complete heart evaluation is also part of diagnosis. That’s because many people with TS have heart problems.
Healthcare providers may diagnose Turner syndrome at any stage of a child’s development. Sometimes, the condition gets spotted before birth:
- Maternal serum screening is a blood draw from the mother. It checks for signs showing an increased chance of a chromosomal problem with the baby. This screening is more common in women who are pregnant at an older age.
- Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling check the amniotic fluid or tissue from the placenta. Healthcare providers perform a karyotype analysis on the fluid or tissue. The results could show that the baby has Turner syndrome.
- Ultrasound during pregnancy may show that the baby has some features of TS. The healthcare provider may see heart problems or fluid around the neck.
Other times, children receive a diagnosis soon after birth or during early childhood because of their symptoms. But some people aren’t diagnosed with Turner syndrome until they reach adulthood. These women may go through puberty and get their periods. But they often have early ovarian failure (early menopause).
MANAGEMENT
Treatment for Turner syndrome depends on each child’s specific symptoms and development. A coordinated care team can provide the most comprehensive, effective care. The team will look at the whole picture and tailor a plan that works for that specific child.
Usually, children with Turner syndrome work with their pediatricians. They also receive evaluation and monitoring from pediatric endocrinologists. These hormone specialists can provide
recommendations on how to treat hormone deficiencies.
Parents can help the care team by keeping growth charts and tracking other symptoms. It’s also a good idea for families to get genetic counseling.
Treatment
Besides care for related medical problems, Turner syndrome (TS) treatment often focuses on hormones and may include:
- Human growth hormone: Homeopathically human growth hormone can increase height. If treatment starts early enough even allopathic drugs can help.
- Estrogen therapy: Often, people with Turner Syndrome need estrogen, a female hormone. This type of hormone replacement therapy can help girls develop breasts and begin menstruation. It can also help their uterus grow to a typical size. Estrogen replacement improves brain development, heart function, liver function and skeletal health too.
- Cyclic progestins: These hormones are often added at age 11 or 12 if blood tests note deficiency. Progestins will induce cyclic menstrual periods. Treatment is often started with very low dosages and then gradually increased to simulate normal puberty.
Can Turner syndrome be prevented?
NOP! You can’t prevent Turner syndrome. It’s a congenital problem. It happens when a random error results in a missing or incomplete X chromosome.
Prognosis
The prognosis, or outlook, for women with Turner syndrome (TS) is usually good. Life expectancy for Turner syndrome might be slightly shorter, but by testing for and treating the conditions that come with TS, women with TS can expect to live essentially normal lives.
Take care of child with Turner syndrome
Early diagnosis is key. Pay attention to child’s growth is a great milestones (If one noticed there child doesn’t seem to be growing as he/she should or parents see unusual physical symptoms).Certain treatments, such as hormone therapy, are best started early. It’s also important to stay on top of other medical concerns, such as heart problems. Healthcare provider can help you set up a team of specialists to manage child’s care.The child will likely need regular monitoring and checkups to keep tabs on their her health and any concerns.
Providers also recommend that children with Turner syndrome:
- Get screened for learning problems: This should happen as early as 1 or 2 years of age. Teachers and parents can work together to help the child before learning disabilities get more serious. Children with TS can learn executive function skills. Tutoring and occupational therapy can help them function at their best in school and at home.
- Work with a mental health professional: A therapist can help with social issues and low self-esteem, anxiety and depression. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, a type of talk therapy, can improve a person’s quality of life.
Healthcare providers consider Turner syndrome a sporadic condition, meaning it happens randomly. It’s possible to have a second child with TS, but the risk is the same as it is for any pregnancy. You don’t have an increased risk for a second child with Turner syndrome if you have an older child with the condition.
Can a woman with Turner syndrome get pregnant?
Women with Turner syndrome are usually infertile, meaning they can’t get pregnant naturally.
- Natrum Mur
- Calcarea Carb
- Ignatia
- Pulsatilla
- Graphites
- Baryta Carb, etc.
Homeopathic Medicines for Hormone Imbalance
Helonias
Loss of sexual desire and power with or without sterility, consciousness of a womb, Prolapsus uteri and ulceration of the cervix, much uterine and ovarian pain; climaxis.-Labia and pudendum hot, red, swollen, burning and itching terribly; epidermis every morning falls off in thin, transparent exfoliations. Mucous surface of labia red, swollen, Nipples sensitive, painful, breasts swollen; nipples tender, will not bear the pressure of ordinary dress.
Pulsatilla
Most effective Homeopathic medicines for hormone imbalance leading to PCOS are Pulsatilla and Sepia.
Pulsatilla should be advised if periods are irregular, suppressed, scanty and very painful. Acne from hormonal or menstrual irregularities may appear. Labour pains, Spasmodic pains, hysterical spasms; Suppression of menses
Sepia
Sepia is another most effective Homeopathic medicines for hormone imbalance leading to PCOS with irregular periods. Along with menstrual troubles, complaints of facial hair and infertility from PCOS, flushes, tiredness, indifferent toward life and/or family, mood swings, irritable, irritable mood appears a few days before periods, bearing down sensation ( in the pelvic region, uterine/internal organs), vaginal dryness (may lead to aversion to sex) etc.
Lachesis
Lachesis is indicated where marked hot flushes appear from hormonal imbalance during menopause, flashes of heat all day, and cold flashes on retiring at night. Lachesis patients cannot bear tight clothing around the neck and/or waist, hysteria, Pains from ovaries to uterus. Mental depression with aversion to meeting people and loss of interest in routine work, complaint of headache in such cases.
Ignatia
Ignatia will be prescribed where the main complaint is mood swings, emotional imbalance, depression, sadness and weeping before menses, continuous sad thoughts; still, serious melancholy, with moaning, Sadness and concentrated sorrow. Cramp-like and compressive pains in uterine region, with fits of suffocation; pressure, and lying on the back, mitigate the pain.
Itching in the genital parts, and in the penis, in the evening after lying down especially in the evening, removed by scratching, Lasciviousness, with weakness of genital power (without erections).-Contraction of the penis; it becomes quite small.
Conium Maculatum
Conium is recommended as the most remarkable among Homeopathic medicines for hormone imbalance where breast pain, swelling and tenderness are the main issues arising before periods, Cramps in the uterus, with pinchings or contracting, or with digging above the vulva, accompanied by tension in the abdomen, Shootings in the vagina, and sensation as of bearing down, Shooting in the labia. Breasts flabby, Inflammation of the mammae, with stitches.
Swelling of the testes, Impotence, insufficient erections, and absence of erections, Easy emission of semen, even without firm erections.
Agnus Castus
Agnus Castus is an effective medicines for hormone imbalance in men with complete impotence, Diminution of sexual power. The penis is small and flaccid; so relaxed that voluptuous fancies excite no erection, feeble erections without sexual desire, the testicles are cold, swollen, hard, and painful.
The erections are totally absent with relaxed, flaccid genitals. Aversion to sex, Itching of the genital organs; Yellow discharges from the urethra.
Female: Transparent leucorrhoea; parts very relaxed. Leucorrhoea spotting linen yellow. Sterility, with suppressed menses, Swelling and inflammation of the uterus
Caladium
Erections are absent, but sexual desire is present. Depression and sadness with erectile dysfunction, Despairing sadness; low-spirited, Low spirits and gloomy thoughts (impotence). Forgetfulness. Very irritable and depressed, Confused, Organs swollen (puffy), relaxed, and sweating, swelling of margin of prepuce with smarting during micturition, Glans red, dry; dotted with still redder points. Glans flabby, sexual desire with relaxed penis.-Impotence with mental depression.
Female Sexual Organs: Itching of external genitals with voluptuousness. Pruritus of vulva and vagina. Pruritus vaginae; with onanism (nymphomania), cramp-like pains in uterus after midnight.
Lycopodium
Weak erections, premature ejaculation, silent, melancholy, and peevish humour; despair of eternal salvati, desponding, grieving mood, sadness when hearing distant music, desires to be alone.
Male: Shooting, drawing, and incisive pain in the glans, Excoriation between scrotum and thighs. Dropsical swelling of genital organs. Immoderate excitement, or absence of sexual desire. Repugnance to coition, or disposition to be too easily excited to it. Impotence of long standing. Weakness or total absence of erections. Penis small, cold, relaxed. Itching of the internal surface of the prepuce.
Female: Nymphomania with terrible teasing desire in external organs. Itching, burning, and gnawing in vulva. Pressure towards the outside, above the vulva, and extending as far as the vagina, when stooping, Expulsion of wind from the vagina, Chronic dryness of vagina, shooting pains in labia, when lying down. Excoriation between the thighs, and at the vulva. Burning pain in the vagina, during and after coition. Catamenia (too early) too profuse, and of too long duration. Catamenia suppressed readily, and for a long time, by fright.
Before menses: shivering, sadness, melancholy; bloatedness of the abdomen.
During menses: delirium, with tears; headache; sourness in the mouth; pain in loins; swelling of feet; fainting; vomiting of sour matter; cuttings, colic; and pains in the back. Menstruation too late; lasts too long; sometimes suppression of; profuse, protracted; flow partly black, clotted, partly bright red or partly serum; with labour-like pains followed by swooning; with sadness; suppressed by fright. May find females at change of life with one side of the body greatly hypertrophied.
Foetus appears to be turning somersaults. Metrorrhagia; at menopause; dark blood with large clots. A rumbling begins in upper abdomen and descends to lower, when a flow of blood follows, and so on successively.
Leucorrhoea: milky, yellowish, reddish, and corrosive; sometimes preceded by cuttings in abdomen. Varices on the genitals. Disposition to miscarriages. Swelling of the breasts with nodosities. Excoriation and moist scabs on nipples. Stinging in nipples. Milk in breasts without being pregnant.
Nuphar Luteum
Nuphar Luteum is one of the most useful Homeopathic medicines for hormone imbalance in men where sexual desire is completely lost, Impatient of slightest contradiction. Excessive moral sensibility, involuntary emissions during stool and urination, Entire absence of erections and desire; voluptuous ideas which fill imagination do not cause erections. Penis retracted, scrotum relaxed. Diminution of lascivious thoughts and desires for some days; opposite effect during succeeding days.
Acid Phos and Selenium
Helpful homeopathic medicines from hormone imbalance causing hair loss in men are Acid Phos and Selenium. Acid Phos is very effective among Homeopathic medicines for hormone imbalance where it leads to hair loss from the scalp, whiskers and genitals in men, Disposition to weep. Weakness and fatigue are also predominantly present in, Restlessness and precipitation.-Silent (sadness) peevishness and aversion to conversation. Great indifference, complete indifference to everything; not a soporous, delirious, or irritable condition, but simply an indifferent state of mind to all things; patient does not want anything, nor to speak, shows no interest.
Lancinating pains in glans. Fine pricking at point of penis. Burning cutting in glans with an out pressing pain in both groins. A feeling of heaviness in glans, especially when urinating. Tingling and oozing vesicles round fraenum, Inflammatory swelling of scrotum.-Pain in testes when touched. Gnawing pain in testes.
Female Sexual Organs: Oophoritis, metritis, or prolapsus from debilitating or emotional influences; amenorrhoea. Very irritable uterus. Uterine ulcer, with copious, putrid, bloody discharge, itching or corroding pain, or no pain. Hepatic pains during menses, menses too early and too long; too copious; too late; dark clotted; preceded by leucorrhoea, and for one or two days by griping and rumbling in abdomen. Yellowish, itching leucorrhoea after menses.
Distension of uterus as by gas, Itching pricking like flea-bites between mammae, obliging her to rise at night. Dysuria during pregnancy; cutting pains.
Vomiting at sight of food during pregnancy. Puerperal convulsions; albuminuria; haemorrhage. Scanty milk with debility and great apathy. Deterioration of health during nursing. Constant vomiting of milk in a suckling; waxy face; blue rings round eyes; child does not cry; mother has little milk. Sharp pressure in breast and nipple.
Calcarea Carb
Calcarea carbonica, a well indicated Homeopathic medicines for hormone imbalance from under-functional thyroid gland (hypothyroidism).
Melancholy, dejection, and sadness. Disposition to weep, even about trifles. Vexation and lamentation, on account of old offences. Anxiety and anguish, excited by fancies, or frightful stories, Sadness, with heaviness in the limbs, shuddering and dread during the twilight, or at night, sensitivity to cold air is well marked, Excessive ill-humour and mischievous inclination, with obstinacy and a disposition to take everything in bad part. Indifference, apathy.
Male Sexual Organs: Inflammation of the prepuce, with redness and burning pain. Pressure, and pain as from a bruise, in the testes. Weakness of the genital functions, and absence of sexual desire. Increase of sexual desire, with voluptuous and lascivious ideas. Erections of too short continuance, and emission of semen too slow and too feeble during coition. Lancinations and burning in the genital parts, during the emission of semen in coition. After coition, confusion of the head and weakness. Flow of prostatic fluid, after evacuation and emission of urine.
Female Sexual Organs: Catamenia premature and too copious. Sterility, with catamenia too early, and too profuse, mammae swollen and painful, fatigue, headache, disposition to be frightened, colic, and shivering.
During the catamenia, congestion in the head, with internal heat, or cuttings in the abdomen, and cramp-like pain in the lumbar region, or else vertigo, headache, toothache, nausea, colic, and other sufferings. Suppressed menstruation, with full habit. Miscarriage. Voluptuous sensation in the genital parts, with emission. Itching or pressing in the vagina. Shootings in the orifice of the matrix, and pressive pain in the vagina. Prolapsus uteri, with pressure on the parts. Itching in the womb. Inflammation and swelling of the womb, with redness, purulent discharge, and burning pain.
Varices in the labia majora. Leucorrhoea before the catamenia, Leucorrhoea, with burning itching, or else like milk, flowing by fits, and during the emission of urine. Pain, as of excoriation and ulceration, in the nipples. Inflammatory swelling of the mammae and of the nipples. Swelling of the glands of the breast, breasts painful and tender before menses.
Iodum
Iodum, a Homeopathic medicines for hormone imbalance from a hyperactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism).
Iodum is selected in case of major weight loss in spite of eating well. Along with losing flesh, complains of heated sensation in body, restlessness, nervousness and anxiety, Lachrymose disposition and mental dejection. Melancholy hypochondriasis, sadness, heart-ache, and anxiety.
Fear: shuns persons, anxious apprehensions, restless agitation (with inclination to move about), which will neither permit the patient to remain seated, nor to sleep. Irresistible impulse to run; feels she will fall if she walks. Cross, irascible, peevish. Heart palpitates “like lightning” when thinking of real or imaginary wrongs. Sudden maniacal impulses; to murder. Excessive mental excitement, with great susceptibility. Illusions of moral feeling. Loquacity and immoderate gaiety.
Hesitation and irresolution. Indolence of mind, with great repugnance to all intellectual labour. Fixedness, delirium. Effects of amorousness; of disappointed love. Accelerated pulse rate and weakness. are other problems to look out for before selecting Iodum as the ideal prescription among Homeopathic medicines for hormone imbalance. Palpitations from light exertion also point towards use of Iodum.
Male Sexual Organs: Complete loss of sexual power, testicles atrophied. Violent and constant erections. Sexual desire increased. Painful pullings in the anterior part of the penis. Aching, pressing, twisting, or forcing pain in spermatic cords; after sexual dalliance. Swelling and hardness of the testes. Hardness of the prostate gland. After stool, milk-like fluid runs from urethra. Hydrocele, offensive sweat of genitals.
Female: Catamenia at one time too late, at another too early. Menses premature, violent and copious. Metrorrhagia. Weakness, palpitation of the heart, and many sufferings, before, during, and after the catamenia. Atrophy of ovaries and breasts, with sterility. Pain (dull, pressing, wedge-like) commencing in right ovary passing down broad ligament to uterus. Great sensitiveness of right ovarian region during or after menses. Inflammation of right ovary with an itching eruption on head and hands following application of Iodine to os uteri.
Chronic oophoritis with thick, yellow, burning leucorrhoea, worse after eating. Pain in lower abdomen, pain ovarian region worse by motion and by eating. Induration and swelling (cancer?) of the uterus. Uterine haemorrhage renewed after every stool. Leucorrhoea, corroding the limbs and the linen; acrid; profuse; worse at time of menses.
Flaccidity and atrophy of the breasts. Mammary hyperaesthesia. Heaviness of breasts as if they would fall off. Acute pain and soreness in breasts with metritis. Bluish red nodosities (in both breasts); dry, black points at tips. Galactorrhoea; thin, watery milk; weakness; emaciation, breasts atrophied and relaxed.
Natrum Mur
Depressed, nervous and irritable nature suffering from thyroid hormone imbalance. Weight loss, emaciation, markedly on the neck, Weakness, tachycardia and bradycardia. Natrum Mur is equally effective in regulating the menstrual cycle disturbed by thyroid hormone imbalance in women.
Pressure and general bearing down towards genital organs every morning; has to sit down to prevent prolapsus. Prolapsus uteri with aching in loins worse when lying on back; cutting in urethra after micturition. Catamenia premature and profuse; or retarded and scanty. Sterility, with too early and too profuse menstruation. Prolonged catamenia, suppression of catamenia.
Difficulty in appearance of first menses, sadness, cramps in abdomen.-Spitting blood at menstrual nisus; bloody saliva. Itching in genital organs. Repugnance to coition.
Coition: painful from dryness of vagina; burning smarting during; in anaemic women with dry mouth and dry skin. Leucorrhoea, with headache, disposition to diarrhoea, colic, and mucous evacuations. Acrid (greenish) leucorrhoea (increased discharge when walking), with yellow colour of face. Abundant discharge of transparent, whitish, and thick mucus from vagina.
Vulvitis with falling off of hair. Itching of external parts with falling off of hair. Pimples on mons veneris. Stitches beneath nipples, breasts sensitive to slightest touch.
P. S : This article is only for doctors having good knowledge about homeopathy, and for learning purpose(s).
NoN of above mentioned medicine(s) is/are not the full/complete treatment but just hints for treatment; every patient has his own constitutional medicine along with these mentioned above.
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Dr. Sayyad Qaisar Ahmed (MD {Ukraine}, DHMS) ; senior research officer Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy Ukraine; is a leading Homeopathic physician practicing in Al-Haytham clinic, Umer Farooq Chowk Risalpur Sadder (0923631023, 03119884588), K.P.K, Pakistan.
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